The most serious complication of chronic pyelonephritis is uremia. Some cases of chronic pyelonephritis are due to untimely transformation of acute pyelonephritis, while most cases are due to the presence of complex urinary tract factors, such as the presence of kidney stones, pyeloureteral junction stenosis and ureteral reflux and other such disorders, which will lead to chronic damage to the renal pelvis, and finally develop into chronic pyelonephritis. Once chronic pyelonephritis is incurable, the kidney disease will gradually develop and finally develop into chronic renal failure until uremia. Once entering the uremia stage, patients are likely to die due to hyperkalemia and severe heart failure. Therefore, the most serious complication of chronic pyelonephritis is uremia. After entering the uremic stage, long-term hemodialysis or renal transplantation is needed, which is relatively adequate for the removal of toxins.