In China, with the accelerated pace of life, increased work pressure, changes in diet structure and the aging of the population, the number of people suffering from hypertension is on a significant rise. Statistics show that the prevalence of hypertension in China is now close to 20%. Patients with hypertension not only show an increase in blood pressure, but also bring about damage to many important organs throughout the body, such as the heart, kidneys, brain, eyes and large blood vessels throughout the body, and the damage to these organs caused by hypertension often leads to serious consequences, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, kidney failure, and even life-threatening. In clinical work, we often encounter such cases: an old man surnamed Chen, with a history of hypertension for more than 10 years, but because there are no obvious symptoms of dizziness and headache, so did not cause enough attention, only irregular intermittent taking some hypotensive drugs, rarely go to the hospital for examination, in recent months the two lower limbs appeared edema, to the hospital examination found that the blood creatinine is elevated, accompanied by proteinuria, when the doctor gave the diagnosis of “chronic renal failure”. This reminds us that many patients with hypertension do not have obvious conscious symptoms, and the subjective feeling of the patient and the degree of elevated blood pressure are not entirely consistent, so it is easy to be ignored, and unknowingly has caused serious complications, becoming an “invisible killer” and losing the time for treatment. According to statistics, the awareness rate of hypertension in China is 30%, the treatment rate is 25%, and the control rate is only 6%, which means that 110 million people do not know they have hypertension, 120 million hypertensive patients are not treated with regular antihypertensive drugs, and 150 million hypertensive patients do not achieve the goal of reducing blood pressure, which brings a high disability and mortality rates. Why does hypertension cause kidney damage? This is because the glomeruli, which are the main component of the kidney, are actually many capillary spheres, which are very sensitive to changes in blood pressure and are the direct bearers of blood pressure changes. As the systemic blood pressure rises in hypertensive patients, the direct consequence is the “three highs” (high perfusion, high pressure, high filtration) in the glomerulus. As the pressure in the glomerulus increases, something can leak out that would not leak out under normal pressure, and proteinuria can occur. It is like a sieve, if the pressure on the filtering side increases, more things will be sieved out. If hypertension persists, the structure of the sieve itself will change, leading to glomerulosclerosis and damage to the renal tubules and interstitium, which will affect the function of the kidneys and eventually develop into uremia. Clinical manifestations include foamy urine, increased nocturia, and in severe cases, edema, fatigue, nausea, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Hypertension can cause kidney damage, and kidney lesions can also cause hypertension, the two are closely related and affect each other, forming a vicious circle. Studies have found that the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular damage due to hypertension is much higher in patients with kidney disease than in those without kidney disease. So, how to detect kidney damage early in hypertensive patients? And how to control hypertension in patients with kidney disease? And what should be noted in daily life? First of all, for hypertensive patients, regular urine routine, urine microalbumin, serum urea, creatinine, cystatin C, kidney ultrasound or kidney ECT should be done regularly to detect kidney damage as early as possible and treat it in time. Secondly, for patients with kidney disease, the changes in blood pressure should be monitored and treated actively. Thirdly, for patients with chronic kidney disease with hypertension, blood pressure control should be achieved: the target value for those with urine protein >1 g/day is 125/75 mmHg; the target value for those with urine protein <1 g/day is 130/80 mmHg, with appropriate relaxation for elderly and patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Fourth, attention should be paid to lifestyle adjustments, including weight loss, reduction of sodium intake, reduction of fat intake, cessation of smoking, restriction of alcohol consumption, and moderate exercise. Fifth, blood pressure lowering drugs should be taken under the guidance of a doctor, the principle of antihypertensive treatment is to start with a small dose, preferably long-acting preparations, combined medication and individualized treatment, the process of taking medication should be followed up regularly, avoid "only taking medication without measuring blood pressure", "no difficulty without taking medication", "not taking medication". Do not take medication according to the condition of the misconceptions such as "scientific medication". Sixth, learn about hypertension and kidney disease, follow medical advice, do not blindly follow the propaganda of certain antihypertensive devices and indiscriminately take "prescriptions", because there is no scientific research evidence, the efficacy is not reliable, and may delay the disease. Seventh, blood pressure is also susceptible to fluctuations in the environment, activities, emotions and other factors, crowding, noise, sudden temperature drops, cold, disasters and other harsh environments; strenuous exercise, dangerous work, excessive work, stress and strain; emotional excitement, jealousy, anger, mental stress, etc. can cause a sudden rise in blood pressure, should be avoided. It is believed that as long as both doctors and patients work together, the "invisible killer" of the kidneys, hypertension, can be curbed.