When there is abnormal vaginal bleeding, it is important to do a gynecological examination to see if the blood is coming from the cervix, vagina or from the uterine cavity. If the vaginal bleeding is from the cervix, it is called cervical bleeding. Menstruation, on the other hand, is the periodic shedding and bleeding of the endometrium that accompanies the periodic ovulation of the ovaries and is one of the signs of mature reproductive function. A. How to judge cervical bleeding and menstrual flow Normal menstrual flow and cervical bleeding are easy to judge, generally through the symptoms, as follows: 1. Menstrual flow: normal menstruation is cyclical and self-limiting, there will be obvious feelings before bleeding, such as breast tenderness, lower abdominal cramping, etc. Menstrual blood is dark red and does not coagulate, the bleeding volume is not much, usually less than 80ml each time, and plain The amount of menstruation is the same, bleeding time is usually 3-7 days, menstrual blood may be accompanied by substances such as endometrium and cervical mucus; 2. Cervical bleeding: cervical bleeding is irregular vaginal bleeding, contact bleeding after intercourse, the amount of bleeding is more or less, there may be a large number of clots, dark red, or even dark brown. II. Causes of cervical bleeding 1. cervical mucous membrane damage, pathogenic bacteria invasion and formation of chronic cervical inflammation; 2. cervical polyps: long-term chronic inflammatory stimulation, causing local tissue hyperplasia of the cervix; 3. cervical cancer: the most common early clinical symptom of cervical cancer is contact bleeding. Treatment of cervical bleeding 1. General treatment: take proper rest, avoid mental tension and overexertion, avoid strenuous exercise; 2. check TCT and HPV to clarify the specific situation; 3. symptomatic treatment: cervical polyp and cervicitis bleeding can be treated by surgical excision and physical therapy, such as cervical cancer according to the stage.