1, the concept of urinary tract infections: urinary tract infections are caused by direct invasion of bacteria (or fungi, protozoa, viruses). Urinary tract infections are divided into upper urinary tract infections and lower urinary tract infections. Upper urinary tract infections refer to pyelonephritis, and lower urinary tract infections include urethritis and cystitis. Pyelonephritis is also divided into acute pyelonephritis and chronic pyelonephritis. 2. Why are women prone to urinary tract infections? Survey data shows that among adults, women suffer from urinary tract infections significantly more than men. This is because: First, the special nature of the structure of the female genitourinary system, women’s urethra is shorter and more relaxed than men, bacteria can easily enter. The urethra of women is very close to the vagina and the anus, and there are a lot of bacteria around the vagina and the anus, and the vaginal secretions are also a better medium for bacteria to multiply. Third, menstruation and sexual activity, menstrual blood is the best medium for bacteria, menstrual hygiene, especially the cleaning and disinfection of menstrual products, is an important part of reducing bacterial invasion. Sexual activity can push bacteria from the anterior urethra into the posterior urethra and bladder through mechanical pushing and squeezing action. Fourth, holding urine, which is a common bad habit for women. It can cause urine to stay in the bladder for a long time and bacteria have more time to multiply; when the bladder is full urine will flow backwards up to the ureter, which can send bacteria further upstream and cause pyelonephritis. 3. Vaginal looseness can lead to recurrent urinary tract infections in women. Frequent sex, menstruating women and menopausal women are prone to vaginal looseness. Vaginal laxity refers to a decrease in the tone of the pelvic muscles, which causes the muscles around the vagina to loosen and the vagina to widen, and in severe cases, the vaginal wall may bulge. The most common cause of vaginal laxity is damage to the pelvic floor muscles and ligaments after natural childbirth, and perineal tears. Consequences of vaginal laxity: 1. Affect the sex life of couples: Men care a lot about the feeling of “clenching” when having sex, while women pay more attention to the feeling of accommodation. In addition, the phenomenon of “pussy blowing” after vaginal laxity can lead to psychological disorders in sex life. 2. Vaginal laxity leads to repeated gynecological and urinary tract infections: The vagina is closed in its natural state, but vaginal laxity makes the vaginal wall not close and the vagina is often open, which makes bacterial infections easy to occur. The vagina provides support for the urethra and rectum. When the vagina is lax, the distance between the vagina, urethra and anus becomes closer and bacteria from the intestines can easily invade the vagina and urethra, resulting in recurrent urinary tract infections that do not heal over time. Especially after sexual intercourse, it is more likely to develop. 3. Vaginal laxity can easily cause stress incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in women: modern “pelvic floor theory” believes that the support of pelvic organs only comes from the vaginal wall. Anterior vaginal wall laxity can cause the urethra to drop and bulge, which can lead to incontinence when the bladder is full, laughing or shouting with increased abdominal pressure. Laxity of the anterior vaginal wall can also lead to bladder bulge, which can cause urinary retention and kidney damage in severe cases. Laxity of the posterior vaginal wall can lead to rectal prolapse and constipation. Laxity at the top of the vagina can also lead to prolapse of the uterus. 4. Vaginal tightening not only improves the quality of sex life, but also prevents potential diseases: Most of the surgeries for vaginal laxity are aimed at improving the quality of sex life, and the surgery is based on vaginal mucosa repair. However, when female urologists perform the surgery, they pay more attention to the reconstruction of pelvic floor function besides improving the quality of life, to achieve suspension and lengthening of the urethra, repair of perineal muscles and vaginal fascia, with low recurrence rate, and to prevent gynecological infections and urinary tract infections.