Generally speaking, atrial septal defect, small ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and mild pulmonary artery stenosis do not affect growth and development, but large ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, severe pulmonary valve stenosis, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, endocardial cushion defect, complete pulmonary vein ectopic drainage and other cyanotic congenital heart disease may affect the growth and development of children to varying degrees. In principle, surgery should be performed as soon as congenital heart disease is detected. However, the younger the child is, the greater the risk of surgery. Therefore, for simple atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, arteriovenous stenosis, etc., if there is no obvious pulmonary hypertension, the best time to operate is between 3 and 6 years old. At this time, the child is heavier, the surgery is easy to perform, and the preoperative and postoperative examinations and care are better managed than in young children. However, in cases of large ventricular septal defect and pulmonary artery ductus arteriosus should be operated as early as possible to avoid the formation of Eisenmenger’s syndrome of “right-to-left shunt” due to excessive pulmonary hypertension, and the timing of surgery should be lost. In children with severe cyanosis such as tetralogy of Fallot, because the disease affects their growth and development, or the secondary changes of the heart will increase significantly with age, which is unfavorable to surgery and postoperative recovery, we advocate early surgery after detection. In special cases, the timing of surgery should be decided by the doctor depending on the condition.