Diabetes is not far from us. In 2012, the prevalence of diabetes in China reached 9.7% of the population over 18 years of age, almost one in every 10 adults has diabetes, and the number of people with diabetes is more than 114 million nationwide, and the number of deaths due to diabetes is more than 1 million every year. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes depends on the number of risk factors and the degree of risk, some of which are unchangeable and others are modifiable. To prevent and reduce the occurrence of diabetes, we must start with primary prevention, starting with healthy and high-risk groups, changing modifiable risk factors, and cutting off the susceptibility to diabetes at the source. Modifiable risk factors for diabetes include: (1) pre-diabetes (abnormal glucose tolerance or combined with impaired fasting glucose), which is a very high risk, with 1.5% to 10.0% of patients with reduced glucose tolerance progressing to type 2 diabetes each year; (2) metabolic syndrome; (3) overweight, obesity, depression; (4) excessive dietary caloric intake and reduced physical activity; (5) medications that increase the risk of developing diabetes (5) drugs that can increase the risk of diabetes; (6) social environment that causes obesity or diabetes. The causes of diabetes are complex, but the main cause is environmental change. The “environment” is not the “natural environment”, but the “social environment”, such as the change of diet, exercise, more and more cars, elevators up and down the stairs, physical labor The increasing incidence of obesity is the most important reason for the increasing incidence of diabetes. According to the Report on the Status of Nutrition and Chronic Diseases of the Chinese Population (2015), the national overweight rate for adults aged 18 and above was 30.1% and the obesity rate was 11.9% in 2012, up 7.3 and 4.8 percentage points from 2002, and the overweight rate for children and adolescents aged 6-17 was 9.6% and the obesity rate was 6.4%, up 5.1 and 4.3 percentage points from 2002. In other words, up to 42% of the adult population is overweight, which becomes the energy basis for triggering diabetes. Several randomized controlled studies have shown that people with reduced glucose tolerance receiving appropriate lifestyle interventions can delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes. The lifestyle intervention group in the Daqing study in China recommended that patients increase vegetable intake, reduce alcohol and simple sugar intake, encourage overweight or obese patients (body mass index BMI > 25 kg/m2) to lose weight, increase daily activity, and engage in moderate intensity activity for at least 20 minutes (min) per day; lifestyle intervention for 6 years reduced the cumulative risk of type 2 diabetes over the next 14 years by 43%. Studies conducted in other countries in patients with reduced glucose tolerance have similarly confirmed the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, prediabetic patients should be given regular follow-up with diet control and exercise to reduce the risk of developing diabetes and psychosocial support to ensure that the patient’s good lifestyle is maintained over time; regular blood glucose checks; and close attention to other cardiovascular disease risk factors (e.g., smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, etc.) with appropriate interventions. The specific effective prevention goals to be achieved are: (1) to bring the BMI (body mass index) of overweight or obese individuals to or near 24 kg/m2 or to reduce body weight by at least 5-10%; (2) to reduce total daily dietary calories by at least 400–500 kilocalories (kcal); (3) to (3) Saturated fatty acid intake of less than 30% of total fatty acid intake; (4) Moderate intensity physical activity, maintained at least at 150 min/week. The main measures to enhance primary prevention of diabetes are still diet and exercise, and the general population should follow the six recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2016): (1) Diverse food, cereal-based. Daily meals should include cereals and potatoes, vegetables and fruits, livestock, poultry, fish, eggs and milk, soybeans and nuts. It is recommended that the average daily intake of at least 12 kinds of food, daily intake of cereals and potatoes 50 – 400g, including whole grains and mixed legumes 50 – 150g, potatoes 50 – – 100g. -More than 25 kinds of food per week. (2) Eat and move in balance, healthy weight. People of all ages should adhere to daily exercise to maintain energy balance and a healthy weight. It is recommended that moderate intensity physical activity should be performed at least 5 days per week, accumulating more than 150 minutes. Adhere to a daily physical activity routine, with active physical activity of ideally 6,000 steps per day. Reduce sedentary time, get up every hour and move. (3) Eat more fruits and vegetables, dairy, soy. Advocate meals with vegetables, should be 300 – 500g per day, dark vegetables accounted for 1/2. eat fruit every day, to ensure daily intake of 200 – 350g of fresh fruit, can not be replaced by juice. Eat a variety of dairy products, equivalent to a daily intake of liquid milk 300g. often eat soy products, eat nuts in moderation. (4) Eat fish, poultry, eggs and lean meat in moderation. It is recommended to eat 280–525g of aquatic products, 280–525g of livestock and poultry meat, 280–350g of eggs per week, with an average daily intake of fish, poultry, eggs and lean meat The total amount of fish, poultry, eggs and lean meat is 120~200g. (5) Less salt and less oil, control sugar and limit alcohol. Adults should not exceed 6g of salt per day, 25-30g of cooking oil per day, and the recommended sugar intake should not exceed 50g per day, preferably below 25g. It is recommended that adults drink 7 – 8 glasses of water (1500 – 1700ml) per day, advocate drinking plain water or tea; do not drink or drink less sugary drinks. Children and adolescents, pregnant women and lactating mothers should not drink alcohol. Adults such as drinking alcohol, men should not drink more than 25g of alcohol a day, and women should not exceed 15g. (6) Eliminate waste and develop a new food style. Food resources are valuable, should be thrifty, cherish food, and eliminate waste. Food should be selected according to needs, and promote the sharing of meals without waste.