A study by Korean scholars showed that elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may have other coexisting conditions as well as decreased physical function, and that adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery had no significant effect on health-related quality of survival (HRQOL) in elderly patients, and that there was no significant difference in HRQOL before and after treatment. This study included NSCLC patients over 65 years of age (N=66) and under 65 years of age (N=73) between October 2008 and October 2011 to compare their HRQOL after chemotherapy. The results showed that postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy had no significant effect on health-related quality of survival (HRQOL) in elderly patients, and there was no significant difference in HRQOL before and after treatment.