To understand what retinal macular disease is, we must first clarify what the “retinal macula” is. People generally think that the yellow spot or plate that grows in the eye and is visible to the naked eye is the “macula”. In fact, this concept is completely wrong. The medical term macula is the anatomical name for a small patch of retinal tissue containing dense photoreceptor cells located in the center of the retina. The macula plays an extremely important role in the formation of good vision and is mainly related to fine vision and visual functions such as color vision. A group of retinal lesions occurring in the macular region for various reasons is called retinal maculopathy. This will lead to loss of vision, black shadows in front of the eyes or distortion of vision, which will seriously affect the visual function of the patient. Retinal maculopathy includes various types related to congenital, age-related, inflammatory, and secondary to other eye diseases. Congenital macular degeneration, which is a genetic disease, is usually seen in children or adolescents and is difficult to treat; age-related retinal maculopathy, which mainly includes age-related macular degeneration and macular edema caused by retinal vascular obstruction, can be effectively controlled and improve patients’ vision through early diagnosis and timely treatment; inflammatory retinal maculopathy is mostly seen in various retinal chorioretinitis and high myopia Retinopathy caused by retinopathy. Moreover, if the body is exposed to blue light and sunlight for a long time, frequent smoking, alcohol consumption and lack of nutrition, it is also easy to suffer from retinal macular degeneration. Usually, the treatment for retinal macular degeneration is mainly laser treatment, photodynamic therapy and surgery. It is also recommended that patients with retinal macular disease should pay attention to rest, not to overuse their eyes, eat more fruits rich in vitamins and drink more water, which can reduce the dryness of eyes. As the effect of retinal macular disease on vision is very obvious, although there are drugs or surgery for treatment, it is difficult to restore vision to normal, and the damage of vision is irreversible in most cases. Therefore, early detection, early diagnosis and timely treatment are recommended.