Diet therapy Reasonable diet is the first and basic prerequisite for patients to control the disease, which helps to reduce weight, regulate blood sugar, blood pressure and lipid metabolism, improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the dose of hypoglycemic drugs. Scientific and reasonable matching of nutrients, reasonable distribution of daily meals according to the patient’s condition and living habits, such as three meals, the distribution should be 1/3, 1/3, 1/3 or 1/5, 2/5, 2/5, and four meals should be distributed as 1/7, 2/7, 2/7, 2/7, 2/7, and no additional meals should be added at will in between, and forbidden to eat sweets and fruits with high sugar content and drink drinks containing honey, sucrose or glucose. Patients should eat more high-fiber foods, such as root vegetables, oats, coarse grains and algae, which can help reduce postprandial blood sugar spikes, improve glycolipid metabolism, enhance the intake of trace elements and promote intestinal motility. Reasonable distribution of meals can avoid meals too full and increase the burden of blood viscosity, blood circulation and pancreatic islets, and even induce angina pectoris. Eat a light diet and control the daily salt intake to less than 6 grams, or less than 3 grams if you have hypertension, which can avoid the increase of heart load caused by water and sodium retention due to excessive salinity and induce the increase of blood pressure. Patients are advised to eat less or no thin rice, and it is advisable to eat rice with soup removed to avoid a sudden rise in blood sugar. Do not eat fatty meat, fried, chicken and duck skin, animal offal and less egg yolk to prevent further increase in blood lipids, obesity and increased vascular sclerosis. At the same time, we should also pay attention to change the bad lifestyle, such as quit smoking, alcohol, etc., and develop the habit of regular meals and not staying up late. Exercise therapy Exercise can make muscle uptake of glucose increase, so that the number of insulin receptors relatively increase or binding power rise, the role of insulin receptors is enhanced, sugar utilization is improved, enzyme activity in the tricarboxylic acid cycle increases, and muscle glycogen synthesis increases after exercise. Exercise decreases blood glucose, increases insulin sensitivity, improves insulin levels, and facilitates blood glucose control and metabolic improvement. Exercise therapy can also improve fibrinolytic activity, reduce the chance of thrombosis and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease; increase muscle lipoprotein esterase activity, reduce very low density lipoprotein and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol, improve hypertriglyceridemia, thus reducing the risk of coronary artery disease. Therefore, encouraging patients to adhere to regular and moderate exercise for a long time is very helpful to enhance physical fitness, improve mental status and cardiopulmonary function. Exercise therapy is a good way to improve mental status and cardiopulmonary function. Each exercise 30-60 minutes, once a day or 4-5 times a week. Exercise intensity can be grasped by pulse rate: the best pulse rate in exercise = 170 – age, the maximum pulse rate in exercise = 210 – age. Patients should be reminded that the pulse rate in exercise exceeds the maximum pulse rate, and the discomfort and fatigue of the back and legs after exercise, or feeling dizzy, chest tightness, shortness of breath, indicates that the exercise is too much. Also be alert to the occurrence of hypoglycemia during exercise and master the treatment method.