The treatment of hepatitis B patients should not be simply one-size-fits-all, but should be treated differently. If children, pregnant women, cirrhotic patients and other special patients do need antiviral therapy, drugs with low side effects and high safety should be considered first. Most children infected with hepatitis B virus are in the immune tolerance period, when the hepatitis B virus and the immune system can temporarily “coexist”, so it is usually not the best time for antiviral treatment. If a child has abnormal liver function and a diagnosis of a hepatitis B episode requires antiviral treatment, oral nucleoside analogues may be more acceptable to the child because of their convenience and minimal side effects. Although lamivudine has been approved abroad for the treatment of hepatitis B in children, there is no pediatric dosage form of lamivudine available in China. The application of domestic adult formulations for the treatment of children should be done with caution and must have the understanding, support and cooperation of parents. Due to the long treatment time of nucleoside analogs, children are less subjective in cooperating with treatment compared to adult patients, and parents must play a supervisory role. Many hepatitis B families are concerned about the question of whether a hepatitis B woman of childbearing age can become pregnant. If a woman of childbearing age wants to get pregnant, she must consult her doctor in person and not make up her own mind. For example, in mild cases, you can conceive first without antiviral treatment. A moderate patient who has not developed cirrhosis may consider treatment before conceiving. If a patient with severe hepatitis B must have children, or if she finds herself pregnant during the progressive stage of liver disease, she can undergo antiviral treatment under close supervision of her doctor. If antiviral therapy is to be administered, pregnant women and their relatives should use antiviral drugs that are safer during pregnancy with informed consent and under the close supervision and guidance of a physician. Relatively more experience has been gained with lamivudine in pregnant women. A U.S. registry of medications for pregnant women has shown through extensive comparative data analysis that the rate of abnormalities at birth in mothers who took lamivudine during pregnancy was not different from the babies of other mothers, indicating that lamivudine is relatively safe for treatment during pregnancy. Interferon is contraindicated in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. When chronic hepatitis B progresses to cirrhosis, the antiviral treatment should follow the strategy of “reason and law”. For antiviral therapy in patients with compensated cirrhosis, nucleoside analogs are suitable, but safety must be a concern. Interferon should be used with caution because it may lead to complications such as loss of liver function. In patients with decompensated cirrhosis, the use of interferon is prohibited due to the risk of liver failure, so only nucleoside analogues are available. Given the need for long-term treatment in this group of patients, the selection of drugs should take into account safety, efficacy and cost of treatment