There are many causes of pericardial effusion, inflammation, tumors, tuberculosis, etc. Therefore, not all pericardial effusions require anti-inflammatory drugs. For patients with more stable pericardial effusion who are certain that no cardiac compression will occur for the time being, medications may be preferred for treatment. Treatment of pericardial effusion is based on medication and surgery, in which a small amount of effusion or residual effusion is treated with anti-inflammatory drugs only. In the acute phase of treatment, pericardial effusion requires prompt consultation and emergency pericardiocentesis and drainage once the symptoms of cardiac compression appear. General treatment requires active monitoring, attention to changes in vital signs such as the patient’s complexion, respiration, heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation, nutritional support and cause-specific treatment for the primary disease.