About HPV vaccine, you must know the 38 articles, full of sincere work, dedicated to the majority of female friends. 1, cervical cancer is second only to ovarian cancer in the female reproductive tract malignant tumors, global annual new cases of nearly 600,000, death about 300,000. In China, there are about 135,000 new cases every year, of which 80,000 people die. 2, almost all (99.7%) of the cervical cancer is caused by HPV infection, the 2008 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to Harald zur Hausen, a German scientist who discovered the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer, he first discovered that HPV leads to cervical cancer, and carried out in-depth research on the mechanism, and finally proved that HPV infection is the main cause of cervical cancer, this major discovery is the future HPV vaccine, which is the main cause of cervical cancer. This major discovery is the fundamental basis for the future development of HPV vaccines. HPV infection does not only cause cervical cancer, 90% of anal cancer, 40% of vulvar/vaginal cancer and 12% of head and neck cancer are closely related to HPV infection. 4. Sex is the main but not the only way of HPV infection. Condoms do not completely block the spread of HPV. 5, HPV infection is very common, as long as the start of sexual life, the probability of being infected by HPV in a lifetime is very high, sexually active women HPV infection rate of about 50% ~ 80%. HPV infection usually does not have any symptom, so it can not be detected by themselves. 6, not infected with HPV will certainly develop into cervical cancer, HPV has more than 100 subtypes, divided into low-risk type and high-risk type, 50% ~ 90% of HPV infection can be months to 2 years after infection by the immune system clearance, will not lead to long-term harm. 7. Only persistent infection with high-risk HPV will progress to malignancy. definition of persistent HPV infection: two consecutive detections of the same high-risk type of HPV at intervals of more than one year are considered to be persistent infections. 8, HPV l6 and 18 is the most important high-risk type HPV, 70% of cervical cancer is caused by these two types of HPV, so the current HPV vaccine is mainly for these two types of HPV, in other words, the current vaccine may only be able to prevent 70% of cervical cancer. 9, HPV vaccine is the first human attempt to eliminate a type of cancer through a vaccine, with epoch-making significance. 10, strictly speaking, now can not be under the “HPV vaccine can prevent cervical cancer” conclusion, because the persistence of HPV infection evolves to cervical cancer process can be up to 15 ~ 20 years, so the first cervical cancer incidence as the end point of the study of the clinical trial data until 2020 can not be obtained. 11, the United States and Europe, are currently based on the ability to prevent persistent HPV infection as the assessment criteria, because theoretically, if you can prevent persistent HPV infection, you should be able to prevent cervical cancer. 15 years of waiting may mean that 2 to 3 to be young women lose the opportunity to prevent cervical cancer, which is the main reason that contributed to the European and American as soon as possible approval of the HPV vaccine on the market. The principle of “do no harm and benefit” is the ethical basis for the approval of HPV vaccines. 12. The two HPV vaccines currently available globally are Merck’s Gardasil and GlaxoSmithKline’s Cervarix, which have been marketed in more than 100 countries and regions and have been used in tens of millions of cases worldwide. 13. For women who are not yet infected with HPV, both vaccines have shown a high degree of long-term efficacy (>95%) in preventing cervical cancer, precancerous lesions, and other genital diseases, and it is currently believed that the two vaccines are equally effective, with Gardasil additionally preventing genital warts such as condyloma acuminatum. 14. The appropriate age for HPV vaccination varies from country to country, or from agency to agency in the same country. globally, it is 9 to 45 years old. the FDA-approved age is 9 to 26 years old, and some agencies recommend 11 to 12 years old as the optimal age for vaccination. Because, in the United States, sex seems to happen anytime after middle school. 15, the age limit is not absolute, the key is to see whether there is sex or not, the HPV vaccine works best for women with no history of sex, and if you still don’t have sex by the age of 35, then it’s perfectly cost-effective to get vaccinated at this time as well. And if someone intends to never have sex, then the need for vaccination is very small. 16. Can I not get the HPV vaccine after I have had sex? No, basically you can get vaccinated at any time, it’s just that once you start having sex, the chances of getting HPV infection increase greatly, and the official agencies don’t think it’s cost-effective from a pharmacoeconomic point of view. 17, immunization as a public policy, the official body will certainly consider its input benefits, which is why most countries and WHO official documents do not recommend men to receive HPV vaccine reason, because the benefit for men is mainly to prevent genital warts, and such diseases are not lethal; at present to see the role of men’s vaccination on the prevention of cervical cancer in women. 18, So, regardless of whether or not one is sexually active or has been infected with HPV, the vaccine is a possibility to spend money on a prevention, and given that the HPV vaccine is not cheap, the official agencies will consider the overall input and output, and individuals should choose according to their own situation. 19, most of the HPV will be cleared by the body’s immune system, and there is no specific drug for the treatment of HPV, so the general HPV infection does not require treatment. 20. After receiving HPV vaccine, it is still necessary to do regular cervical cancer screening, because HPV vaccine can not prevent all high-risk types of HPV. 21. The occurrence of cervical cancer is a long process, and nowadays the technology of cervical cancer screening (which includes HPV testing) has been quite mature, so after the age of 30, regular cervical cancer screening is even more important for women who have already had sexual intercourse or are infected with HPV. Unfortunately, the coverage rate of cervical cancer screening in China is less than 14% of women of appropriate age. 22, the HPV vaccine is not necessary to test whether you have been infected with HPV. measles virus infection once will have lifelong immunity, while HPV is not, so there is no need to test before vaccination. 23. Is the HPV vaccine safe? Judging from the tens of millions of people who have used it in the past 8 years, it has stood the test. As for more distant safety, it will take time to answer. 24, HPV vaccination is not recommended for pregnant women at this time because there is not enough data to support it. 25. No adverse effects of the HPV vaccine on the fetus have been found, so if pregnancy is detected during the 6 months of vaccination there is no need to worry about the health of the fetus, but it is recommended to stop continuing with the vaccine that has not yet been administered until the birth of the child. 26. You can get pregnant immediately after HPV vaccination without waiting. 27. How long is the protection period after HPV vaccination? CDC data is 6 years, and the protective effect does not weaken with the passage of time. 6 years of data is mainly because the vaccine is only 8 years on the market, but also need a longer period of time to observe, HPV vaccine whether there is a longer period of protection or even lifelong effective only left to time to answer. 28, Merck (Merck Sharp & Dohme) and GlaxoSmithKline began to apply for listing in China in 2006, as of the current period has not yet been approved, Clove Park’s Insight database has been real-time monitoring of the progress of the approval process, once approved, we will be the first time to tell you. 29, HPV vaccine in China has been delayed approval, the main reason is that China’s drug review center insisted on adopting different efficacy judgment standards with Europe and the United States and WHO. The point is this: since it is a cervical cancer vaccine, it is necessary to see the exact preventive effect on the occurrence of cervical cancer, or at least to see the preventive effect on precancerous lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia). And HPV infection to the emergence of pre-cancerous lesions, on average, to 5 years, or even 10 years, then the vaccine pre-market clinical trials at least 5 years of time. In July 2013, Chinese Journal of Oncology published an article, calling on the Drug Review Center to revise the current HPV vaccine effectiveness evaluation criteria, to align with Europe, the United States and WHO, and to accelerate the progress of HPV vaccine marketing in mainland China. Assuming we believe that the HPV vaccine is indeed effective, tens of millions of women of the right age in China have lost the opportunity to choose a preventive vaccination during the years of delayed marketing. It’s hard to say what’s wrong with China’s new drug review system; the rules are placed where they are, and it’s not easy to change them; it takes an extraordinary amount of ability and courage. 31. Some women from mainland China have chosen to go to Hong Kong for HPV vaccination, and they have asked if they can be vaccinated if they happen to be menstruating, and the answer is yes: they can. 32, From the experience of Taiwan and Hong Kong, the HPV vaccine is as effective for Chinese as it is for Europe and the United States, with little difference. 33, HPV vaccine is usually given in 3 injections, which takes about 6 months to complete, i.e. the 1st injection at the beginning, the 2nd injection in the 2nd month, and the last injection 6 months later. So if you go to Hong Kong for the vaccination, you have to make at least 3 round trips and the cost of the vaccine itself is about 2,000~3,000. 34, there are some physical examination organizations opened the business of HPV vaccination in Hong Kong, but whether it is worth it, please refer to the above according to the situation of their own considerations, in order to avoid conflict of interest, here will not be recommended. 35, HPV vaccine there are also ethical arguments, for example: some people think that vaccination for teenagers is disguised as encouraging them to start their sex life earlier. If pornography can’t be banned, then condoms should be promoted for sexual transactions. These people don’t even understand basic logic, and they still look like they have compassion for the next generation. 36, many developing countries HPV vaccine even if it has been approved for the market, but the vaccination rate is still not high, mainly because the vaccine is not cheap, see a lot of articles criticizing the production of the vaccine companies do not have a conscience, but non-monopoly of the free market, we should respect the freedom of enterprises to set prices. Profiteering is the only way to produce more landmark new drugs. 37, the vaccines that are currently on the market are preventive not therapeutic. Therapeutic HPV vaccines are also already in development, and some have shown better results in clinical trials. 38, writing this article is strongly recommending that everyone get vaccinated against HPV? No, it is whistling to give everyone a possibility to choose. It is up to each family and individual to decide whether or not to get vaccinated. Going to Hong Kong for vaccination, plus travel expenses (single person) costs almost tens of thousands of dollars, if the parents accompany the cost is even more, if the vaccine is not lifelong immunity, the need for additional inoculations in the future, which is a considerable burden. Early screening technology for cervical cancer, on the other hand, is very mature and much cheaper.