Lung transplantation is a level IV surgery, which is difficult and may involve intraoperative risks, postoperative complications and the risk of reoperation. 1. Intraoperative risks: prolonged surgery, massive body cavity irrigation and massive blood transfusion may easily lead to intraoperative hypothermia. Intraoperative clamping of the pulmonary artery, clamping of the left atrium and supplying lungs for reperfusion may result in hypotension. Intraoperative vascular and nerve injuries may also occur. 2. Postoperative complications: Recipient infections may occur in lung transplant recipients, postoperative hemorrhage, and acute rejection, often occurring one week after surgery and as early as 4 to 5 days after surgery. Airway anastomotic complications such as ischemic necrosis, airway anastomotic fissure, stenosis or tenderness, vascular anastomotic stenosis, pneumothorax, phrenic nerve injury, cardiovascular complications such as heart failure and arrhythmia. 3. Risk of reoperation: If the first lung transplantation is successful, reoperation is not necessary. If the transplant fails, or if acute rejection, end-stage occlusive bronchiolitis, or large airway stenosis occurs after the operation and symptomatic treatment is ineffective, lung transplantation will eventually be required when conditions permit. Lung transplantation is the best treatment for most end-stage lung diseases, and it is recommended that patients go to regular hospitals in time and listen to the advice of specialized doctors.