It refers to transient, limited cerebral deficits or retinal dysfunction caused by cerebrovascular lesions, with clinical symptoms generally lasting 10 to 20 minutes, mostly resolving within 1 hour and up to 24 hours, with no residual neurological deficit symptoms and no responsible lesions on structural imaging. The onset is mainly associated with atherosclerosis, arterial stenosis, cardiac disease, altered blood composition and hemodynamic changes. Internal carotid system: ophthalmic artery crossover palsy (transient dark blindness, blindness or contralateral hemiparesis and sensory deficits in one eye on the diseased side), Horner crossover palsy (Horner’s sign on the diseased side, contralateral hemiparesis), aphasia (dominant hemisphere) Vertebrobasilar system: drop attacks (turning or tilting the head is, sudden loss of tension in the lower limbs and fall without loss of consciousness), transient general amnesia (orientation to time and place during the attack TIA of the vertebrobasilar system rarely presents with isolated vertigo, tinnitus, nausea, syncope, headache, urinary and fecal incontinence, drowsiness or seizure symptoms. It is often combined with other brainstem or posterior cerebral artery symptoms.