MDS is an abbreviation for myelodysplastic syndrome, a malignant clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem cells. The treatment of MDS is divided into two main parts: i. Symptomatic supportive therapy. ii. Second, allopathic treatment. Symptomatic supportive treatment is to give blood transfusion to patients with MDS if they have anemia, anti-infective treatment if they have infection, platelet transfusion if they have bleeding, and application of drugs to stop bleeding. Both of these drugs have significant hematologic toxicity and the patient’s blood cells may decrease further after application, requiring strong supportive therapy such as anti-infection, red blood cell transfusion and platelet transfusion. Cure of MDS still relies on allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.