ALD, adrenoleukodystrophy, is an X-linked recessive disorder of lipid metabolism that primarily involves the adrenal glands and cerebral white matter, with progressive brain dysfunction and adrenocortical insufficiency as the main manifestations. Patients develop the disease by carrying an abnormal gene encoding a peroxisomal protein, which may cause brain, neurological, and adrenal gland damage. It occurs most frequently in boys aged 3-12 years and occasionally in adults. The disease is an inherited metabolic disorder associated with abnormal lipid metabolism that usually develops in childhood and has an extremely poor prognosis. The main manifestations are progressive motor impairment, visual impairment, mental retardation and psychiatric disorders. The late infantile form often presents with gait instability, ataxia, paralysis, speech impairment and progressive mental retardation. When patients develop neurological symptoms, they may die within a few years. ALD is rare in clinical practice and difficult to diagnose, relying on medical history, physical examination, relevant laboratory tests and genetic examinations to confirm the diagnosis. One of the pathogenesis of ALD is the genetic defect of intracellular peroxisome, which leads to impaired metabolism of very long-chain fatty acids, and a large amount of long-chain fatty acids are sequesters in the brain and adrenal tissue, leading to brain white matter loss. Therefore, foods containing long-chain fatty acids should be avoided on a daily basis, and foods containing unsaturated fatty acids, such as onion, cauliflower, radish, winter melon, kelp, purple cabbage, shiitake mushroom, hawthorn and soybean products, should be consumed as much as possible.