According to the 2011 China Cardiovascular Disease Report, there are at least 200 million people with hypertension in China, which means that 1 in 5 adults is hypertensive, (compared to 2002 statistics, the number of hypertensive patients increased by about 40 million,) and with the aging of China’s population and the progress of urbanization, the prevalence of hypertension may further increase. Shanghai is arguably the “hardest hit” area for hypertension in China, with an estimated 3 million people with hypertension and a prevalence of 23.6% of adults with hypertension, equivalent to 1/4 of adult Shanghainese with hypertension. As we all know, hypertension and its common complications, stroke and heart disease, have become the “invisible killers” that seriously threaten human health in modern society. With the development of technology and the popularity of blood pressure measurement, it has been found that hypertension is no longer the “patent” of the elderly, but many young people have also become the “favorites” of hypertension, and even many school-age children have been found to have elevated blood pressure during medical examinations. In the young population, poor lifestyle and secondary causes of hypertension are more common, and hypertension may be cured after improving lifestyle and properly treating the primary cause, so it is more important to emphasize “early detection, careful investigation of causes, and early treatment” for young people suffering from hypertension. In the pharmacological treatment of hypertension, the rational use of drugs is still emphasized, and the principles of antihypertensive drugs are: starting with small doses, preferring long-acting preparations, combined application and individualized treatment. In recent years, scientific research has discovered new drug targets and new antihypertensive drugs have emerged, including eplerenone, a highly selective aldosterone inhibitor, and aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor, which have been marketed abroad but have not yet been approved by China’s Drug Administration, and both of these drugs are expected to be used for hypertensive patients in China in the near future. Other antihypertensive drugs in pre-marketing clinical trials include Ilepatril, a dual inhibitor of angiotensin II receptor and enkephalinase, LCZ696, an endothelin receptor antagonist, Darusentan, and nitric oxide releasing agents such as nitric oxide temsifloxacin combination. A vaccine for hypertension is also in development. The vaccine has few adverse effects, requires only three injections per year, reduces the inconvenience of oral medications, and can lower blood pressure smoothly, promising to solve the problem of hypertension once and for all. Vaccines currently in clinical trials include the Swiss angiotensin II vaccine CYT006-AngQb and the UK angiotensin I vaccine PMD3117, but it is worth noting that these vaccines may only be useful for certain patients and are still several years away from large-scale clinical trials, plus it may take longer to market and enter the Chinese market. Interventional treatment of hypertension is expected to address some of the relatively intractable forms of hypertension. Renal artery balloon dilation and stenting have shown good results in hypertension due to renal artery stenosis while helping to protect renal function, and new randomized controlled clinical trials are underway in this area. Radiofrequency ablation of the adrenal gland is less invasive and reproducible than surgical procedures and has been shown to be effective in primary aldosteronism due to small adrenal adenomas. However, since its long-term results are still unclear, its application should be strictly controlled in patients diagnosed with recalcitrant hypertension after a strict specialist examination to prevent possible irreversible side effects. In conclusion, the treatment of hypertension will be revolutionized in the next decade, and the future of hypertension treatment is bright.