Whether horseshoe kidney will lead to kidney failure mainly depends on its condition and treatment and other factors. If there is no serious hydronephrosis and timely treatment, it may not lead to renal failure; if there is serious hydronephrosis, which leads to posterior renal obstruction or compression of renal parenchyma, and timely and effective treatment is not provided, with persistent damage to the kidneys, it may lead to renal failure at this time. Horseshoe kidney refers to the fusion of both sides of the kidney embryo between the umbilical arteries during the early stage of human embryonic development, which finally leads to the fusion of the upper or lower levels of both kidneys and the formation of horseshoe kidneys, and the incidence of males is generally slightly higher. Clinically, abnormal kidney morphology is mainly found due to abdominal pain or hematuria, hydronephrosis or stones. If the patient does not develop severe hydronephrosis and is treated aggressively and effectively, renal failure may not result at this time. If kidney stones are present, resulting in severe hydronephrosis, continued compression of the renal parenchyma, or posterior renal obstruction, continued kidney damage, and are not treated effectively, renal failure may result. Patients who find horseshoe kidney are recommended to go to regular hospitals in time and standardize the treatment under the guidance of doctors.