When middle-aged and elderly people have pain in the back, back, chest, limb joints and other parts of the skeleton, they often think they have “osteoporosis”, “osteophytes”, “lumbar muscle strain “Therefore, in most cases, they will go to orthopedics, rheumatology, acupuncture and massage departments for consultation and treatment, and some patients do not want to go to the hospital and simply buy some calcium tablets and Some patients do not want to go to the hospital and simply buy calcium tablets and painkillers to solve their problems. In fact, in addition to the above-mentioned diseases that cause bone pain, there is also a malignant hematological tumor disease that is often overlooked and easily misdiagnosed – multiple myeloma, which also often leads to multiple bone pain in middle-aged and elderly patients. In recent years, with the influence of factors such as aging population and environmental pollution in China, coupled with the improvement of medical treatment technology, the incidence of multiple myeloma is increasing and has become the second most common hematological malignancy after leukemia. This disease occurs in middle-aged and elderly people aged 50 to 70 years or older, with a male to female ratio of about 2 to 3:1, and generally has a slow and insidious onset. The disease is caused by the malignant transformation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, excessive proliferation, invasion of bones, liver and spleen and other organs, and the production of large amounts of abnormal immunoglobulins. Patients will mainly experience the following symptoms: 1. Malignant plasma cells can cause osteolytic damage, leading to bone pain, osteoporosis, pathological fractures, hypercalcemia; 2. Inhibition of bone marrow hematopoiesis, leading to blood cell reduction, anemia and bleeding; 3. Large amounts of abnormal immunoglobulins, mainly light chain proteins, are filtered from the kidneys, leading to proteinuria and renal impairment; 4. Normal plasma cells and immunoglobulins are reduced, the body The immunity is reduced and recurrent infections occur; 5. Multi-organ involvement such as hepatosplenomegaly, amyloidosis, etc. Because the clinical manifestations of multiple myeloma are diverse and the above symptoms are not characteristic, and the diagnosis depends on bone marrow aspiration, biopsy, serum protein electrophoresis, immunoglobulin quantification and skeletal X-ray, the misdiagnosis rate of the disease is very high at the first diagnosis, and some literature reports that it can be over 70%. The author also frequently sees patients with multiple myeloma referred from orthopedics, nephrology, rheumatology, etc. This affects the timely treatment, survival and quality of life of patients to some extent. So how can we detect this disease in time? 1, middle-aged and elderly people with unexplained bone pain, or pathological fractures; or unexplained anemia; or unexplained proteinuria and renal insufficiency; or recurrent lung infections should see a doctor promptly to clarify the cause as soon as possible. 2. Routine examination reveals urine protein, anemia, significantly increased blood sedimentation, increased globulin, osteolytic changes in skeletal X-rays, or pathological fracture or crestal compression fracture, you should promptly see a hematologist to exclude myeloma. 3. Actively cooperate with doctors for bone marrow aspiration, bone marrow biopsy, blood and urine immunoelectrophoresis and other examinations in order to confirm the diagnosis of myeloma in time. In conclusion, bone pain is an early warning signal of this disease, and middle-aged and elderly people should pay enough attention to the above-mentioned situation if it occurs, so as to seek timely medical consultation.