Chronic HBV infection can be diagnosed in those who have a previous history of hepatitis B or who have been HBsAg positive for more than 6 months and are still positive for HBsAg and/or HBV DNA. According to the results of serology, virology, biochemical tests and other clinical and auxiliary examinations of HBV-infected patients, chronic HBV infection can be categorized into, I. Chronic Hepatitis B. 1. HBeAg-positive Chronic Hepatitis B Positive serum HBsAg, HBeAg, negative anti-HBe, positive HBV DNA, persistent or recurrent elevation of ALT, or hepatitis lesions on liver histology. 2.HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B Serum HBsAg positive, HBeAg persistently negative, anti-HBe positive or negative, HBV DNA positive, ALT persistently or recurrently abnormal, or hepatitis lesions on liver histology. Based on biochemical tests and other clinical and auxiliary findings, the above two types of chronic hepatitis B can also be further classified as mild, moderate and severe. Hepatitis B cirrhosis Hepatitis B cirrhosis is the result of the development of chronic hepatitis B. Its pathology is defined as diffuse fibrosis accompanied by pseudofollicular formation. 1.Compensated cirrhosis Generally belongs to Child-Pugh class A. The cirrhosis is characterized by a high degree of fibrosis. There is evidence of hepatocellular synthesis dysfunction or portal hypertension (e.g., hypersplenism and esophagogastric fundal varices) on imaging, biochemistry, or hematology, or the histology is consistent with the diagnosis of cirrhosis without serious complications such as rupture of esophagogastric fundal varices with bleeding, ascites, or hepatic encephalopathy. 2.Decompensated cirrhosis generally belongs to Child-Pugh class B or C. The patient has developed esophagogastric fundus venosus. The patients have serious complications such as rupture and bleeding of esophagogastric fundus varices, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites and so on. Compensated and decompensated cirrhosis can also be subdivided into active or quiescent stage. Carriers 1, chronic HBV carriers are mostly in the immune tolerance period of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA positive people, bb 1 year for more than 3 consecutive follow-up shows that the serum ALT and AST are in the normal range, and there is no obvious abnormality in liver histology. 2.Inactive HBsAg carriers Serum HBsAg-positive, HBeAg-negative, anti-HBe-positive or negative, HBV DNA is below the minimum detection limit, and ALT is in the normal range at more than 3 consecutive follow-ups within 1 year. Hepatic histology shows a Knodell Hepatitis Activity Index (HAI) < 4 or mild lesions according to other semi-quantitative scoring systems. IV. Cryptogenic Chronic Hepatitis B Serum HBsAg negative but positive for HBV DNA in serum and/or liver tissue with clinical manifestations of chronic hepatitis B. In addition to HBV DNA positivity, patients may have positive serum anti-HBs, anti-HBe, and/or anti-HBc, but approximately 20% of patients with occult chronic hepatitis B are negative for all serologic markers. Diagnosis requires the exclusion of other viral and non-viral factors causing liver injury.