Lung cancer is not only the most prevalent malignancy in the world today, but also one of the most expensive tumors to treat. With the improvement of diagnostic and treatment techniques in recent years, lung cancer screening has become a hot issue of discussion in recent years. Recently, the National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST) demonstrated a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality with low-dose CT (LDCT) compared to chest radiographs. The enormous benefits of LDCT screening for lung cancer are clear, and the harm it causes can be reduced and will continue to be reduced. The biggest challenge today is how carefully and thoughtfully lung cancer screening is conducted. With more than 1 million lung cancer deaths worldwide each year, the treatment of lung cancer patients is now a huge economic burden on society. It is estimated that the cost of lung cancer care in the United States reached $12.1 billion in 2010 alone, accounting for approximately 10% of all medical costs. Lung cancer is a disease with high incidence, high mortality, and high cost, so attention should be focused on prevention and early diagnosis. Screening for lung cancer in high-risk groups can lead to early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer, thereby improving patient survival and post-operative quality of life, as well as reducing the enormous economic expenses that society spends on lung cancer. However, there are a number of issues that need to be addressed if screening is to be implemented. For example, the interval of screening; whether the subsequent screening interval will remain according to the original protocol when a positive result is found; and whether the smoking evaluation criteria and the age covered need to be adjusted. Also, to prevent a decline in smoking cessation rates due to screening, education should be done in the community.