Not all bile duct stones require removal of the gallbladder. In general, cholecystectomy is recommended for patients with bile duct stones combined with gallbladder stones and cholecystitis. Bile duct stones mainly include intrahepatic bile duct stones and extrahepatic bile duct stones, and the main purpose of surgical treatment is to relieve the obstruction of the bile duct. The common clinical surgical treatment options include choledochotomy and lithotripsy, bile-intestinal anastomosis, partial hepatectomy and liver transplantation. Specific surgical options need to be chosen under the guidance of a doctor in conjunction with the specific condition. Patients with choledocholithiasis, which is usually combined with gallbladder stones and cholecystitis, undergo choledochotomy and cholecystectomy in conjunction with choledochotomy and lithotripsy. In addition, some bile duct stones are considered to be formed when gallbladder stones fall into the bile ducts, and cholecystectomy should be performed to prevent recurrence. In case of intrahepatic bile duct stones, surgical treatment can be considered without removing the gallbladder for the time being; if endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is used to retrieve the stones, cholecystectomy may not be performed for the time being. Patients should consult the doctor in time, complete the relevant examinations, make a clear diagnosis, and then follow the doctor’s instructions to take the appropriate treatment program.