Symptoms: The most important clinical manifestation of rectal prolapse is anal mass prolapse, which usually occurs during defecation, when the abdominal pressure increases during defecation or bowel movement, the rectal mucosa or rectal layer is prolapsed outside the anus. Initially, the prolapsed tissues are less, mostly occurring during constipation or repeated diarrhea and dysentery, and the prolapsed tissues are returned to the anus with the lifting of the anus, and there is no other obvious discomfort. Later, the prolapse occurs intermittently. As time passes, it occurs repeatedly, and the number of prolapses gradually increases, and rectal prolapse can occur with minor straining or normal defecation. The degree of prolapse also gradually increases, the length of the prolapsed tissue increases, the volume increases, and it cannot be retracted by itself, and it needs hand support or bed rest to be retracted, and when it is serious in the later stage, it can be prolapsed whenever the abdominal pressure increases, and it is more and more difficult to reset. Along with the aggravation of rectal prolapse, patients often feel the anal perineal swelling or pain, the feeling of bowel movement or incomplete defecation, which is due to repeated rectal prolapse, intestinal and mucosal congestion and edema, coupled with excessive free rectum, direct pressure on the anal perineal area, as well as the prolapsed tissue pulling to make the pelvic floor perineal tissue extensive congestion. Severe cases may involve the sacral and lumbar regions, and even the groin, lower abdomen, and both lower extremities may feel heavy and sore. Bleeding is rare, but when the mucosa becomes eroded or ulcerated due to inflammation, there may be a small amount of bleeding, light or dark red in color, mixed with intestinal mucus, or light red bloody mucus, attached to the surface of the stool. Occasionally, due to improper repositioning of the technique, damage to the prolapsed tissue to bleeding, such bleeding is bright red in color, the amount depends on the degree of injury. As the rectal mucosa is congested and edematous, the secretion of intestinal mucus increases, and more mucus is often discharged with the stool. Later, due to the loosening of the anus and incomplete closure, intestinal mucus can spill out from the anus, impregnate the anus and contaminate the clothes. This may lead to perianal dampness, skin itching and erosion or secondary dermatitis and eczema. If the prolapsed intestinal canal is not reset in time, it may be difficult to retract due to stasis and swelling, causing severe pain in the anus and pain in the abdomen. Signs: 1. Mass prolapse: let the patient squat and try to earn, or increase abdominal pressure, or use negative pressure suction device to attract, so that the prolapsed tissues move down and flip out of the anus. The content of the prolapsed tissue is judged by the morphological size of the prolapsed object. Rectal mucosal prolapse prolapse is hemispherical, about 2-4 cm long, and may have radial folds around the prolapse that converge into the central intestinal cavity. If the disease is short, the prolapsed mucosa is soft and smooth, brightly colored, light red and shiny. If the duration of the disease is long, repeatedly prolapsed back, mucosal hypertrophy and roughness, obscure, color bruising purple, or see the erosion ulcer. Mucosal prolapse is generally easy to retrieve. Rectal total prolapse prolapse is conical in shape, about 5-8 cm long, soft and elastic in texture. The mucosa is multilayered tower-shaped annular folds that accumulate at the anal opening. If it is accompanied by prolapse of the anal canal, it suggests the presence of sphincter contraction weakness and anal relaxation. Rectal prolapse is difficult to retract by itself and often requires pushing by hand or bed rest to reset. The prolapsed rectum and part of the sigmoid colon are cylindrical in shape, with a length of more than 8 cm and less smooth mucosal folds, and are usually combined with the prolapsed anal canal, which is difficult to retract after prolapse. As the prolapsed intestine is repeatedly stimulated by pushing and rubbing, coupled with poor blood and lymphatic circulation, the mucosa has obvious chronic inflammation, increased secretions, erosion, ulceration, and hyperplastic nodule formation. 2, perineal descent: patients with rectal prolapse have loose pelvic floor perineal muscle groups, perineum shifts down, the hip groove is shallow, more obvious when increasing abdominal pressure, the anal perineum and both sides of the hip is almost flat. In severe cases, the perineum of the anus protrudes downward and is lower than the buttocks on both sides, so that the entire perineum is in a funnel shape. 3, anal loosening: rectal prolapse or patients with sigmoid prolapse. Most of them have anal looseness. In mild cases, the anus can be closed naturally, but the finger can be easily inserted into the anal canal during rectal finger examination without a sense of tightness. When the finger is withdrawn, the anus closes slowly. In severe cases, the anus is open when both sides of the buttocks are held open or the anus is naturally open in the form of a hole. 4. Prolapse of other organs: Rectal prolapse due to systemic nutritional disorders is often complicated by gastric prolapse and renal prolapse. Female patients, especially those with third-degree perineal tears due to childbirth, may have uterine prolapse as a complication. Complications: strangulated intestinal necrosis is the most serious complication of rectal prolapse, because the prolapsed intestine is not reset in time, poor venous reflux, intestinal stasis and enlargement, stimulating the anal sphincter spasm, aggravating the impaired blood circulation. Insufficient blood supply to the distal intestine is stasis purple, and eventually necrosis may occur. In ancient Chinese medicine, it is called “truncated bowel syndrome”.