Intervertebral disc herniation is a multi-infarct and common disease, which is mainly caused by a series of symptom clusters caused by the degeneration of disc strain, rupture of the fibrous ring or prolapse of the nucleus pulposus, which stimulates or compresses the spinal nerve and spinal cord. It is mainly due to the degenerative changes of various parts of the lumbar disc (nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus and cartilage plate), especially the nucleus pulposus, and under the action of external factors, the annulus fibrosus of the disc ruptures and the nucleus pulposus protrudes (or prolapses) from the rupture site in the posterior or spinal canal, resulting in stimulation or compression of the adjacent spinal nerve roots, thus producing a series of symptoms such as lumbar pain, numbness and pain in one or both lower extremities. This results in a series of clinical symptoms such as back pain, numbness and pain in one or both lower limbs. The incidence of lumbar disc herniation is highest in lumbar 4-5 and lumbar 5-sacral 1, accounting for about 95%.