Minimally invasive treatment of wrist lesions–clinical application of arthroscopy

Periprosthetic injuries include distal ulnar-radial fractures and distal radial-ulnar joint injuries, carpal fractures and dislocations, ligamentous injuries and instability of the wrist, and carpal arthritis, which mainly cause wrist pain and limitation of movement, affecting the patient’s ability to work. The wrist joint consists of: 15 bones, 27 articular surfaces and a large number of ligamentous connections, 24 tendons, 2 major arteries, and 5 known peripheral nerves and branches. During movement and reciprocal motion, the stability of the wrist joint depends on the integrity of the capsular ligaments and the contour of the surfaces of the carpal bones in contact with each other; the center of rotation for most of the movements of the wrist is located at the proximal end of the capitellum; during extension and flexion, most of the movements take place at the radial carpal joint, and some others pass through the mid-carpal region. Zhiyong Li, Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Department of Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University The causes of wrist injuries include two main categories: history of significant trauma and chronic aseptic inflammation. The degree of injury depends on 1) the load in the three-dimensional direction; 2) the duration and amount of the load; 3) the position of the hand at the time of injury; and 4) the mechanical properties of the ligaments and bone. One form of injury is wrist dislocation caused by ulnar deviation of the wrist and posterior rotation of the carpal interosseous bone, along with fracture of the navicular bone during dorsal extension of the wrist with the dorsal articular rim of the radius acting as a fulcrum of force; another form of injury is that flexion and anterior rotation injuries may be more likely to result in ligamentous injuries to the ulnar side of the wrist, particularly to the lunotriquetral ligaments. Wrist arthroscopy has received increasing clinical attention because of its low trauma, fast recovery, and ability to observe ligament synovial membrane and carpal joint surface injuries under direct vision for early diagnosis and treatment. Since YC-Chen reported 90 cases of wrist arthroscopy in 1979, Gary Peohling, Terry Whipple, and James Roth in the United States began to popularize wrist arthroscopy in 1986, and it has developed rapidly in the last 10 years. Repairing wrist fracture and ligament injury through wrist arthroscopy is conducive to the early diagnosis of diseases, reducing the damage of open surgery to the joint surface of the wrist and the surrounding ligaments, and is conducive to the early diagnosis of triangular fibrocartilaginous body (TFCC) injuries, synovial lesions, and other diseases, with fast wound recovery, and is conducive to the early functional exercise of the wrist joint. Its indications include: Diagnosis: 1, unknown etiology of wrist pain, more than 3 months, conservative treatment is ineffective. 2.Acute ligament injury. 3, Carpal joint instability. 4, Synovial tissue lesions. 5, Sequelae of fracture around the wrist joint. Treatment: 1, Carpal joint instability-boat month/month deltoid ligament injury. 2, TFCC injury. 3, Rheumatoid arthritis. 4, Septic arthritis. 5, Carpal synovitis. 6, Osteochondral injury. 7, Dorsal tendon sheath cyst of the wrist. 8, Microscopic repositioning of navicular fracture 9, Distal radius fracture (affecting the articular surface) 10, Ischemic necrosis of the lunate. 11, Fibrous degeneration of the wrist joint after trauma or surgery. 12, Carpal capsular contracture. 13, Intracarpal joint free body. 14, Ulnar impingement syndrome.