Congenital cataracts are cataracts that are present at birth or form within one year after birth. It is a common childhood disease and is an important cause of blindness and amblyopia in children because it is not easily detected. The main causes include: genetic factors, environmental factors and some unknown factors. Among the environmental factors are mainly related to the adverse factors received by the mother during pregnancy, such as the following: 1. Viral infections in early pregnancy, such as rubella, measles, chickenpox, mumps, herpes, influenza and other viruses, among which, fetal congenital cataract due to rubella is the most common. The incidence of congenital cataract in infants infected with rubella virus in the third trimester is 50%, and up to 100% in the second trimester. 2, malnutrition during pregnancy, such as anemia, vitamin A, vitamin D deficiency, calcium deficiency, etc. 3. Radiation exposure during pregnancy. 4, taking certain drugs during pregnancy, such as tetracycline, hormones, salicylic acid preparations, etc. 5, the mother suffers from certain diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, nephritis, hyperthyroidism, etc. 6.Fetal intrauterine respiratory distress syndrome can also lead to congenital cataract.