Bronchial thermoplasty is performed through a bronchoscope, which is usually performed by a trained respiratory specialist. During bronchoscopy, the patient usually lies on his or her back on a hospital bed or operating table, and the operating physician inserts the bronchoscope through the nose or mouth, positions it in the area of the bronchus to be treated, and then performs the procedure (see illustration). The respiratory specialist will select the most appropriate type of sedation to minimize any discomfort during the procedure.