About 5% of asthma patients are refractory asthmatics, whose frequency of emergency room visits and hospitalizations are 15 and 20 times higher than those of mild to moderate patients, respectively, and are the main cause of increased costs of asthma treatment as well as disability and death, and the current difficulty in asthma treatment. No amount of classical medication can control the wheezing of patients with this type of refractory asthma. Either they are treated by purely increasing the dose of applied hormones, exchanging the risk of developing diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis and femoral necrosis for smooth breathing, or they have to be hospitalized for systematic treatment. Are there any treatments other than medication? Beginning with research in the 1990s, after feasibility studies, animal trials and rigorous controlled clinical trials, Bronchial Thermoplasty (BT), invented by Canadian respiratory specialists, gradually gained acceptance. The technique was first approved by the US FDA for use in North America, then by the relevant European authorities, and in February this year, the Food and Drug Administration of China also approved the application of the technique. The principle is to place a small 2mm RF ablation probe into the patient’s bronchial lumen through a bronchoscope, using RF energy (heat temperature of about 60-65°C) to “scald” the hyperplastic airway smooth muscle in the airway wall and limit the airway’s ability to contract and narrow, expanding the airway and allowing the patient to breathe smoothly, thus reverses the course of refractory asthma. The bronchial smooth muscle is ablated without damaging the mucosal and submucosal layers of the bronchus, so patients do not have to worry about the temperature of the ablation process causing damage to the airways. According to the follow-up of patients who underwent bronchial thermoplasty for several years abroad, it not only reduced the number of acute asthma attacks by 32%, but also reduced the number of emergency room visits due to worsening asthma by 84%, thus reducing the number of hospitalizations significantly. In addition, the number of days spent doing daily activities due to asthma symptoms can be reduced by 66%, which will greatly improve the quality of life of asthma patients. The entire course of treatment requires three surgical procedures, each more than three weeks apart. Each procedure requires 50-60 thermal ablations of numerous bronchi in a specific area and takes about one hour for a single procedure. The first session deals with the lower lobe of the right lung first, the second with the lower lobe of the left lung, and the third with the final treatment of the upper lobe of the left and right lungs. Since this technique is an invasive procedure that invades the interior of the body, it cannot be applied to pediatric patients at this time, as well as asthma patients with implanted electronic devices such as pacemakers and internal defibrillators in their bodies. In addition, patients with asthma who are allergic to anesthesia cannot undergo this type of procedure. It is primarily used to treat patients over 18 years of age with refractory asthma that is poorly controlled with conventional inhaled glucocorticoids (ICS) and long-acting beta2 agonists (LABA). This approach is effective in improving the quality of life and reducing the frequency of acute exacerbations in patients with refractory asthma.