Typical case: patient Zhang. Male, 7 years old. He sought medical consultation for recurrent “nasal congestion, runny nose with sleep snoring for more than 1 year”. Family members reported that the patient had recurrent nasal congestion and purulent nasal discharge for the past two years; recurrent fever with temperature up to 39.5°C; snoring and open-mouth breathing in sleep; repeatedly consulted outside hospitals and diagnosed as “chronic sinusitis”, and recurrent and frequent attacks were still seen after anti-infection, anti-inflammatory and sinus flushing treatments. Later, he was hospitalized in our hospital and underwent sinus CT, which indicated bilateral maxillary sinus, septal sinus and frontal sinusitis; nasopharyngeal lateral radiographs indicated adenoid hypertrophy and nasopharyngeal airway narrowing; fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy showed purulent snot in the bilateral inferior and middle nasal passages, nasopharyngeal adenoid hypertrophy and blockage of large part of the posterior nostril, and more purulent snot in the nasopharynx. After admission, nasal endoscopy-assisted radiofrequency nasopharyngeal adenoidectomy was performed, and postoperative anti-inflammatory treatment was continued according to the principles of conservative treatment of sinusitis (12 weeks), followed by negative nasal pressure therapy for one week and nasal and sinus irrigation for one month. To date, the patient has been observed in the outpatient clinic for two years without recurrence of the disease. The adenoids are located in the posterior wall of the nasopharyngeal apex. Under normal physiological conditions, they are larger in school-age children and begin to shrink after puberty. In pathological conditions, such as inflammation of the nasopharynx and its adjoining parts or repeated stimulation of the adenoids by the inflammation of the adenoids themselves, pathological hyperplasia of the adenoids occurs and causes various complications, the common ones being: (1) secretory otitis media: Some patients seek consultation with otitis media as the main symptom, mostly seen in children. Therefore, when children present with symptoms such as deafness, tinnitus, and a sense of occlusion and are diagnosed with secretory otitis media, attention should be paid to consider the presence of adenoid hypertrophy. (2) Rhinitis and sinusitis: The relationship between adenoid hypertrophy and rhinitis and sinusitis can be mutually causal, therefore, both should be treated simultaneously. (3) Pharyngeal symptoms: It can be manifested as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, etc. Some patients can be complicated by bronchitis. (4) Snoring: that is, pediatric snoring, which can affect the physical and intellectual development of children. (5) Systemic symptoms: weakness, anorexia, indigestion,, slow reaction, inattention, teeth grinding, urination, etc. Once adenoid hypertrophy is diagnosed, adenoidectomy should be performed as soon as possible to improve the symptoms and normalize the development and nutritional status as soon as possible.