Lumbar disc herniation is a common disease, the diagnosis is not difficult and not critical, but it is the most common cause of low back pain, about 20% of patients with low back pain are caused by lumbar disc herniation, and millions of patients around the world visit the clinic every year, of which young adults aged 20-40 account for 64,46%, seriously affecting the normal life and work of patients. Treatment for lumbar disc herniation: The choice of treatment for lumbar disc herniation depends on the different pathological stages and clinical manifestations of the disease, the patient’s physical, psychological and economic conditions. It is mainly divided into conservative treatment, minimally invasive treatment and surgical treatment. Conservative treatment: It is suitable for those who have the first onset of the disease, have a short course, have mild symptoms and signs, have small disc herniation on imaging (e.g. CT, MRI) or are old and frail, have systemic diseases or local skin diseases, and cannot perform surgical treatment. Commonly used methods are: bed rest; medication (oral ibuprofen extended-release capsules and other Western or Chinese medicines, Chinese and Western ointments applied externally); traction therapy; physical therapy (low-frequency, medium-frequency, high-frequency electrotherapy, ultraviolet light, infrared therapy, paraffin therapy, etc.); tui na (i.e. massage) therapy; acupuncture therapy; closed therapy; acupuncture treatment. Surgical treatment: Surgical treatment is suitable for: a history of more than six months, conservative or minimally invasive treatment is ineffective, symptoms are aggravated, imaging examination shows that the nucleus pulposus is protruding large or free into the spinal canal, accompanied by obvious ligamentum flavum hypertrophy or bony spinal stenosis, intra-vertebral foramen or extreme lateral type lumbar disc herniation. Surgical methods such as laminectomy and decompression, hemi/total laminectomy, unilateral laminectomy and arthroplasty, foraminal opening, ligamentum flavum resection, endoscopic microdiscectomy, artificial disc replacement, artificial nucleus pulposus implantation, spinal/lumbar fusion, etc. Interventional minimally invasive treatment: In recent years, with the development and progress of imaging equipment and technology, interventional treatment of lumbar disc herniation is increasingly favored by patients and medical workers. At present, minimally invasive interventions such as collagenase lysis, radiofrequency nucleus pulposus ablation, laser nucleus pulposus decompression, low-temperature plasma and ozone nucleolysis are widely carried out. Indications: Minimally invasive interventional treatment for lumbar disc herniation is suitable for: 1. those who have been ineffective or relapsed after more than 3 weeks of strict non-surgical conservative treatment; 2. those with sciatica and lower back pain as the main symptoms; 3. those with corresponding signs on neurological examination; 4. those who are clearly diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation by imaging examination; 5. those who are physically capable of receiving minimally invasive percutaneous puncture interventional treatment. Interventional treatment of lumbar disc herniation: Minimally invasive interventional procedures are performed under local anesthesia with percutaneous puncture technology under television fluoroscopy. Depending on the treatment method, the puncture needle is placed in the intervertebral disc or the epidural space of the corresponding intervertebral space, and then the fibrous ring cutter and nucleus pulposus clamp are introduced for disc nucleotomy, the laser fiber is introduced for laser nucleus pulposus decompression, the radiofrequency head is introduced for low-temperature plasma radiofrequency nucleoplasty, ozone gas is injected into the intervertebral disc for ozonolysis, and diluted collagenase is injected into the epidural space for collagenolysis. Collagenase lysis is performed. Experienced doctors will choose the treatment method according to the location and degree of disc herniation and the patient’s overall condition. Treatment mechanism and advantages: 1, collagenase lysis: injecting collagenase inside and outside the disc specifically dissolves the collagenase protein of the nucleus pulposus or the protrusion, so that the protrusion is dissolved and absorbed, relieving the nerve root compression and achieving the treatment purpose. 2.Intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus excision and suction: through the dimensional ring opening, the nucleus pulposus is removed to reduce the intradiscal pressure, change the direction of the nucleus pulposus protrusion, and release the compression of the nerve root by the protrusion. 3.Laser nucleus pulposus decompression: the high temperature generated by laser instantly vaporizes the nucleus pulposus, which is discharged by suction with empty needle to form negative pressure in the disc, retract the bulging fiber ring and release the compression on nerve root. 4.Low temperature plasma radiofrequency myeloplasty: using 40-70oC low temperature radiofrequency energy to cut multiple channels inside the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc to reduce the pressure inside the disc, and then use thermal coagulation to further shrink the volume of the nucleus pulposus, so as to reduce the irritation of the disc tissue on the nerve root and relieve pain. The procedure causes minimal damage to the adjacent tissues and there is no concern about thermal injury. 5.Ozone nucleolysis: using the strong oxidizing effect of ozone, injected into the intervertebral disc to rapidly oxidize the proteoglycans in the nucleus pulposus, so that the nucleus pulposus is denatured, dried up and atrophied, and the protruding nucleus pulposus is retracted; ozone also has anti-inflammatory, reduce nerve root water, adhesion and analgesic effects. Absolute contraindications: 1. allergic reactions to iodine and collagenase; 2. pregnant women, children under 14 years old and elderly people over 70 years old; 3. people suffering from serious cardiovascular disease, liver and kidney dysfunction or mental abnormality who cannot cooperate with the surgery; 4. people with infected lesions or trauma in the lumbar region. Relative contraindications: 1, previous history of surgical or percutaneous minimally invasive surgery in the same intervertebral space; 2, other lumbar spine disorders such as spinal stenosis, saphenous fossa stenosis or existing lumbar instability; 3, multiple lumbar degenerative lesions or multi-segmental disc herniation with atypical symptoms and unclear localization; 4, posterior protrusion of the disc into the spinal canal in the sagittal view of the image, a giant protrusion occupying more than 50% of the position, disc calcification or 5.Patients with severe neurological disorders such as foot drop, muscle atrophy or bladder and rectal dysfunction. Compared with traditional treatment methods: Interventional treatment of lumbar disc herniation has the advantages of small trauma (one needle can be), quick effect (the second day after surgery), short hospital stay (4-7 days), few complications (almost none), high efficacy (effective rate is about 90%), low cost, etc.