There are many possibilities for sinus augmentation, which can be inflammatory, polyps, or tumors, including benign smooth muscle tumors or mesenchymal tumors; it can also be cancer.
A bulging sinus lesion includes a wide variety of diseases, which can be divided into mucosal bulges and submucosal bulges.
Mucosal augmentations, commonly, are inflammatory hyperplasia, which can be either a common inflammatory hyperplasia or an intestinal hyperplasia or atypical hyperplasia. If it is a moderate to severe atypical hyperplasia it is relatively serious and needs to be removed promptly and then reviewed regularly. It may also be an inflammatory polyp or a glandular polyp, but they are benign polyps and can be considered for removal and periodic review.
There may also be a submucosal bulge, which is commonly seen as a smooth muscle tumor, mesenchymal tumor, or lipoma, etc. If it is a smooth muscle tumor, it is a benign tumor that can be considered for periodic review or excision, with the option of excision for larger ones.
In the case of mesenchymal tumors, prompt removal is recommended because there is some risk of cancer.
One of the most serious cases is a mucosal bulge due to a malignant tumor, that is, gastric cancer, or a bulge due to lymphoma. In addition, there are rare cases, such as cysts or ectopic pancreas, that can also cause augmentation of the gastric sinus.