Interstitial fibrosis generally refers to pulmonary fibrosis, with patient survival ranging from months to decades. Pulmonary fibrosis is an end-stage manifestation of a variety of interstitial lung diseases. If the patient is in the acute exacerbation phase, the prognosis is usually poor, with a median survival of several months. If the patient’s condition is mild and he or she cooperates actively with the doctor, the median survival is usually in the range of decades or even longer. The main reasons affecting the prognosis of patients with pulmonary fibrosis include dyspnea and decreased lung function. For patients with pulmonary fibrosis, hypoxia can be improved through oxygen inhalation by mask, mechanical ventilation, etc., and antifibrotic drugs such as pirfenidone and nidazepam can also be used as prescribed by the doctor. For patients with severe disease, they should cooperate with doctors to perform lung transplantation, and after the operation, they should also cooperate with doctors to carry out pulmonary rehabilitation training. It is recommended that patients with pulmonary fibrosis actively cooperate with doctors in order to control the progression of the disease and prolong the survival period. Patients should pay attention to rest, avoid strenuous exercise and overwork, and open the windows for fresh air.