Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia, in turn, is caused by defective insulin secretion or impairment of its biological action, or both. Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes leads to chronic damage and dysfunction of various tissues, especially the eyes, kidneys, heart, blood vessels, and nerves. Etiology: 1. Genetic factors There is significant genetic heterogeneity in either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. There is a tendency for diabetes to develop in families, and 1/4 to 1/2 of patients have a family history of diabetes. There are at least 60 clinical genetic syndromes that can be associated with diabetes, and multiple DNA loci are involved in the development of type 1 diabetes, with the DQ locus polymorphism in the HLA antigen gene being the most closely related. In type 2 diabetes a variety of well-defined genetic mutations have been identified, such as insulin genes, insulin receptor genes, glucokinase genes, mitochondrial genes, etc. Environmental factors Obesity due to excessive eating and reduced physical activity is the main environmental factor in type 2 diabetes, making individuals with genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes susceptible to the disease. type 1 diabetes patients have abnormal immune system, which leads to autoimmune reaction after certain viruses such as coxsackievirus, rubella virus, mumps virus, etc., which destroy insulin beta cells. What is the treatment for diabetes? Gastric diversion surgery: Gastric diversion surgery was first performed by Austrian surgeon Theodor Billroth in 1885 to treat patients with gastric cancer, and evolved into a bariatric surgery in the 1950s. In 1995, Pories completed a 14-year clinical observation of 146 obese diabetic patients and found that the attainment rate of diabetes after gastric diversion was 80%, and after decades of After decades of development and improvement, in March 2011, the International Diabetes Federation issued a statement recommending surgery for patients with type 2 diabetes in the early stages of the disease. In 2011, the Chinese Medical Association Diabetes Branch officially included surgery for diabetes in the Chinese Diabetes Prevention and Control Guidelines, making gastric diversion surgery a new hope for patients with type 2 diabetes. After more than 20 years of dedicated research and clinical practice in the field of diabetes medicine worldwide, gastric diversion (GBP) surgery has developed into a mature treatment for diabetes and is the only method that can achieve a clinical cure for type 2 diabetes.