1. How is rabies transmitted? Human rabies is usually transmitted from a sick animal to a human by bite, and no evidence or reports of “human-to-human” transmission have been found. 2.Are there other sources of infection besides dogs? Animals with rabies virus are the source of infection, mainly rabid dogs, which account for about 80% of all cases, followed by cats, pigs, cattle, horses and other domestic animals and wild animals such as wolves, foxes and dog badgers are the source of infection. 3.Is there any special transmission route? The virus is mainly transmitted through bite wounds, but can also be invaded by saliva of dogs with virus, through wounds, scratches, licking mucous membranes and skin; in livestock slaughterhouses can be infected by skinning and cutting process; in caves where bats live in groups can be infected by inhaling aerosols containing rabies virus, and organ transplants (such as corneal transplants) can also be transmitted. 4.Predicted factors of morbidity after being bitten? (1) Site of bite: head, face, neck and fingers have more chances of morbidity after being bitten (2) Severity of bite: deep and large wounds have higher morbidity (3) Local treatment: rapid and thorough cleaning after bite has less chance of morbidity (4) Timely, full and adequate injection of rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin has low morbidity (5) Immunocompromised or immunodeficient bite victims (e.g. HIV infection) have more chances of morbidity. (5) The chances of developing rabies are high for those with low immune function or immunodeficiency (e.g. HIV infection). 5. What are the clinical manifestations? The incubation period varies, mostly within 3 months, and can be up to 10 years or more, depending on age, wound site, wound depth, the number of invading viruses and virulence. Typical performance is divided into three stages: 1, the prodromal period: manifestation of low fever, tiredness, headache, nausea, general discomfort, skin “ants feeling”, followed by restlessness, insomnia, sensitive to sound, light, wind and other stimuli 2, excitement period: typical symptoms are highly excited, fear of anxiety, fear of water, fear of wind, often with an increase in body temperature (38-40 degrees or more 3, paralysis period: after agitation, gradually turn into quiet, quickly into a coma, and finally die due to respiratory and circulatory failure, the duration of this period is very short, can be with 6 hours or even 2 hours to die. There are also special manifestations: for example, the quiet type of patients, mainly high fever, headache, vomiting, loss of key reflexes, limb weakness, ataxia, incontinence, a few may have abnormal penile erection, frequent ejaculation and other very special symptoms (easily misdiagnosed), mostly due to the different spinal nerve segments invaded by the virus and show special symptoms, we must remain highly vigilant to such patients, if the diagnosis is unclear and unexplained by other reasons If the diagnosis is unclear and cannot be explained by other reasons, it is necessary to think about the possibility of rabies, so as to further inquire about the medical history and contact history to confirm the diagnosis. 6. Are there any specific testing methods? (1) Take the patient’s saliva, urine sediment, and corneal slides to detect rabies virus antigen by fluorescent antibody method (2) Virus isolation (3) Take the deceased’s brain tissue for sectioning and staining, and find the endogastric vesicles (for retrospective diagnosis) (4) Reverse transcription PCR to detect rabies virus RNA 7. (1) Post-bite treatment: immediately squeeze out the dirty blood, rinse the wound as soon as possible with 20% soap and water or repeatedly with 0.1% Neosporin for at least half an hour, and after rinsing, wipe repeatedly with 70% alcohol and concentrated iodine to disinfect the wound, which is usually not sutured and bandaged to drain the blood (2) Local infiltration injection with anti-rabies immunoglobulin or immune serum in and around the base of the wound (3) Pre-exposure prophylaxis: that is, the risk of rabies infection is reduced to a minimum. (4) Post-exposure prophylaxis: that is, rabies vaccination for those who are bitten or scratched by suspected animals, a total of 5 times on 0, 3, 7, 14 and 30 days, and 10 injections and combined anti-rabies virus serum or rabies immunoglobulin treatment for severe bites The whole process can be combined with anti-rabies serum or rabies immunoglobulin treatment.