With the aggravation of environmental pollution and food safety factors, the quality of male sperm is getting worse. Some patients even show azoospermia, which accounts for about 1% of the whole population and 10%-15% of the infertility patients. About 60% of the azoospermia patients have non-obstructive azoospermia, and a significant portion of these patients have difficulty in obtaining their own sperm through conventional treatments such as testicular biopsy to produce offspring. In recent years, it is possible to successfully find sperm after local magnification of the testes 15-20 times through a microscope, just as it is possible to find an oasis in the desert. The Department of Gynecology of the Reproductive Center of Zhongshan Sixth Hospital has successfully helped nearly 50 patients to retrieve sperm since the launch of microscopic sperm retrieval in 2014.09. Although we have accumulated relevant experience, there are still a series of questions to be answered: Is microscopic sperm retrieval the only option for patients who still want to “have their own babies” when there is no sperm on testicular biopsy? Some patients may have undergone one or more testicular biopsies at outside hospitals, but no sperm was found. Indeed, if these patients still want to have a baby on their own, they can only find their own “tadpoles” through microscopic sperm retrieval, in addition to blindly performing another biopsy on the testicles, and studies have shown that multiple testicular biopsies do not affect the success rate of microscopic sperm retrieval. How likely is microscopic sperm retrieval to find sperm, and is it harmful to the testicles? According to the data available at our center, overall, about 50% of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia can successfully find sperm through microscopic sperm retrieval with no additional damage to the testes similar to that of testicular biopsy. Data from large-scale cases abroad (>1000 cases) also show that microsperm extraction is safe and does not affect the patient’s quality of life, nor does it cause sexual dysfunction. Can microsemination be performed in patients with small testes? Is the success rate of sperm retrieval high compared to a normal size testicle? The biggest advantage of microscopic sperm retrieval is that these patients with small testicles, especially those with clear causes such as mumps and orchitis that cause testicular atrophy, may have an 80% probability of sperm retrieval; the previous view is that testicles smaller than 5ml are contraindicated for testicular biopsy and are often directly recommended for sperm donation, thus these small testicles that have not been biopsied are like uncultivated As a result, these small unbiopsied testes are like uncultivated virgin land and are likely to have focal spermatogenesis, which can be found with the help of microscopic sperm extraction. How soon after a testicular puncture can microscopic sperm extraction be performed? Generally speaking, if no sperm is found in the testicular puncture biopsy, it is recommended not to rush to have microscopic sperm retrieval immediately, but to be conditioned by some medications such as HCG/HMG,rFSH injections for about 6 months, which will increase the success rate of sperm retrieval by about 10-15%. How soon can I be discharged from the hospital after the microsemination procedure and what discomfort do I often feel after the procedure? How long will the discomfort last? Our microsemination patients are routinely hospitalized today, operated on tomorrow, and discharged the day after. There may be post-operative discomfort such as slight localized swelling and pain in the testicles on the operated side, which may last from 2 weeks to a month. If one microsemination fails, can I have another one? What is the minimum number of days between microsemination procedures? Studies have shown that even if one microsemination fails, the success rate of another one is still 40%. However, it is recommended that at least 6 months should be spent on medication such as HCG/HMG, rFSH, etc. before microsemination, so that the success rate will increase by about 10-15%. In the unlikely event that no sperm is found, we evaluate and treat the other side with appropriate medication for 6-9 months before proceeding to the other side.