There is no optimal surgical method for kidney stones, only the appropriate treatment according to the patient’s specific situation. If the stone is below 6mm, conservative lithotripsy is usually performed; if the stone is between 6~20mm, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can be performed; if the stone is larger than 20mm, surgery is recommended. Surgical treatment is mainly divided into open surgery, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Currently, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy is the most commonly used procedure; however, if kidney stones are combined with urinary tract deformity and want to be treated at the same time, open surgery can be considered; kidney stones with a diameter of less than 1.5cm can be considered for ureteroscopic lithotripsy if there is no ureteral stenosis. Each surgical procedure for kidney stones has its own advantages and disadvantages, and it is necessary to choose the appropriate surgical plan after examination and under the advice of professional doctors, and it is recommended that patients go to regular hospitals in time for consultation and treatment.