A. Urological stone emergencies: renal colic and infection caused by stone obstruction are urological emergencies and require urgent treatment. Renal colic can be treated first with analgesic and antispasmodic drugs for pain (pain relief is only temporary symptomatic treatment). For infection, sensitive antibiotics must be applied to control it. For ureteral obstruction stones (hydronephrosis), emergency extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is preferred for satisfactory results. Second, removal of stones: At present, although there is a lot of experience in treating stones with minimally invasive methods, there are still different views on the ideal treatment of kidney stones. Even if it is minimally invasive it is still a surgical approach to remove stones and thus achieve the purpose of treatment. It is invasive and costly (about 15,000 RMB for 2cm stones) for larger stones in the kidney (larger than 2.5cm stones), ureteral encapsulated stones (due to longer stone onset of more than 3-4 months) and stones that have failed by extracorporeal lithotripsy. Extracorporeal lithotripsy is used for a wide range of stone diseases, including stones less than 2.5 cm in the kidney, ureteral stones (upper. middle. The advantage of the machine is that it is less expensive, painless and non-invasive. However, ureteral stones are generally very painful, which is also the best time for extracorporeal lithotripsy (ESWL), some patients thought they were well after the symptomatic treatment of pain relief at that time, which is not necessarily, the stones are not sliding down the patient generally will not be in pain, it is best to review the ultrasound every few days to see if the stones are still there, then immediately lithotripsy treatment to avoid the stones being encapsulated by the ureter in a long time. If the stone is still there, it should be treated immediately. Extracorporeal lithotripsy (ESWL) is considered to be the treatment of choice for most patients with stone disease. ESWL is also considered to be a revolution in the treatment of urolithiasis. For multiple kidney stones, cast stones or kidney deerstalker stones, urolithiasis combined with other pathologies renal tuberculosis, ureteral stenosis, cancer caused by stones, open surgery is appropriate. Dietary management: Studies have shown that insufficient water intake or excessive intake of food containing lithogenic substances plays a very important role in the formation of urolithiasis. A proper diet can effectively correct biochemical abnormalities in urine and prevent recurrence of stones. The vast majority of patients do not like to drink water, and the amount of urine has a very close relationship with the occurrence of stones, which can affect the saturation of stone components, and highly concentrated urine can also stimulate the activity of lithogenic factors. Normal adult urine volume is about 2000 ml per day, while the volume of urine in patients with stones should be maintained at about 3000 ml. The excretion of stone components peaks at night and in the early morning. Therefore, it is best to make it a habit to drink a certain amount of water at night.