Patient: My child is just a little over 2 weeks old. I think surgery is too risky for children, and the medication is now effective, so is surgery something I can do without? Long Ping, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University: Adenoids are lymphatic tissues located in the nasopharynx, which will gradually shrink with age. The adenoids are only prone to hypertrophy when a child has an upper respiratory tract infection. Surgical removal is considered when adenoids hypertrophy causes: 1 recurrent episodes of secretory otitis media and conservative treatment is ineffective; 2 apnea hypoventilation syndrome; 3 chronic sinusitis with ineffective conservative treatment and recurrent episodes because the adenoids are a hiding place for germs.