Hearing disability is a major factor affecting the quality of our population and an important issue for our public health. On average, one deaf child is born every 15 minutes in the world; for every 1,000 newborns, there are one to three hearing impaired children. There are 800,000 deaf children under the age of 7 with hearing and speech disabilities in China, and about 30,000 deaf children are born each year. Hearing disability brings a heavy financial burden and emotional trauma to countless families. Every couple wants to have a deaf baby. What factors lead to congenital deafness and how can it be prevented? There are many causes of deafness, including non-genetic factors and genetic factors. The non-genetic factors are mainly teratogenic microbial infections during pregnancy, neonatal hypoxia, jaundice, fever, etc. The genetic factors are mainly deafness caused by the mother or father carrying the deafness-causing gene to their offspring. In recent years, due to the comprehensive development of perinatal and perinatal health care, the chance of deafness caused by non-genetic factors is becoming smaller and smaller, while genetic factors are becoming more and more dominant in causing deafness. According to statistics, 80% of deaf children have parents who are completely normal hearing, but carry the gene that causes deafness, which is passed on to their offspring when they have children with spouses who carry the same gene that causes deafness. In China, 5 to 6 out of every 100 people in the normal population carry the deafness gene. Due to the high incidence of hereditary deafness and the high carrier rate in the population, deafness gene testing from the deaf population alone cannot fundamentally reduce the incidence of deafness in the whole population. Guangdong, Shanghai, Beijing and other cities have fully carried out genetic screening for deafness during pregnancy, and the Institute of Genetics of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital in our province became the first hospital in our province to carry out screening for deafness gene carriers. Deafness gene carrier screening can determine a couple’s risk of having a deaf child and test the fetus during pregnancy. Deafness genetic screening not only provides fertility guidance for normal couples of childbearing age, but also for families where both/one partner is deaf or has had a deaf child. If both deaf couples are carriers of the same deafness gene, all of their offspring will be deaf; and couples who have had a deaf child are at high risk of having another deaf child, so genetic testing can prevent the birth of another deaf child. Genetic counseling for deafness based on genetic testing for deafness can provide comprehensive, objective and accurate fertility guidance for couples of childbearing age, including those who are deaf. Contents of genetic testing: 1. Gene microarray: 4 mutations in GJB2, 1 mutation in GJB3, 2 mutations in mitochondrial DNA, 2 mutations in SLC26A4; 2. Full coding sequence analysis of GJB2 gene; 3. Detection of mutation hot zone of PDS gene in large vestibular aqueduct dilatation syndrome.