I. Overview
1, hand, foot and mouth disease is an acute infectious disease caused by enterovirus infection, enterovirus mainly coxsackie group A type 16,
Enterovirus type 71 is common. The main manifestations are maculopapular rash and herpes on the hands, feet, mouth and other parts.
2, the age of onset: most occur in preschool children, especially under 3 years old most.
3, the source of infection: patients and recessive infected persons.
4, the transmission route: digestive tract, respiratory tract and close contact.
5. A few patients may develop meningitis, encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, pulmonary edema, circulatory disorders, etc., mostly caused by enterovirus 71 infection, the main cause of death is brainstem encephalitis and neurogenic pulmonary edema.
Second, the clinical manifestations
Incubation period: mostly 2-10 days, average 3-5 days.
(i) Common type
1. Rash: scattered herpes on the oral mucosa, maculopapular rash and herpes on the hands, feet and buttocks. Some patients have an atypical rash, such as a single site or only a maculopapular rash.
2. Systemic symptoms: fever, runny nose, sore throat, cough, little food, etc.
(II) Severe type
1. The rash is the same as that of the common type.
2. A few patients, especially children under 3 years old, have rapid progression of the disease, with meningitis, encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, pulmonary edema, circulatory disorders, etc. appearing in about 1-5 days after the onset of the disease, and very few patients are in critical condition and may die.
Treatment
1.Isolation.
2.Keep indoor ventilation.
3.Appropriate rest.
4.Light diet.
Among them, the ordinary type of hand, foot and mouth disease, do the above four points, just observe at home, usually a week can be self-healing. For severe cases, such as poor mental health, drowsiness, headache, vomiting, convulsions, breathing difficulties, etc., they should be sent to the hospital immediately without delay.