Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be used to treat pernicious blood diseases, aplastic anemia, paroxysmal sleep hemoglobinuria, autoimmune diseases, inherited metabolic disorders, etc. It is not a 100% cure and there is a risk of recurrence. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation mainly refers to injecting normal donor or patient’s autologous hematopoietic stem cells into the body after pretreatment with radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunosuppression (drugs include fludarabine, leucovorin, etc.) for patients who are eligible for transplantation and have a better general condition, with the purpose of rebuilding normal hematopoietic and immune functions to treat diseases. The classification of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation includes autologous stem cell transplantation as well as allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can usually prolong the survival of patients, but some patients are at risk of relapse and cannot be cured 100%. Specific treatment should be carried out under the supervision of a physician.