Hemiplegia is a common name for stroke. The hemiplegia that we target in functional neurosurgery also includes a group of syndromes caused by brain damage caused by various pathogenic factors such as traumatic brain injury, post-surgical complications of brain and spinal cord surgery, encephalitis and meningitis, poisoning, etc. The main clinical manifestations are limb dysfunction, accompanied by salivation, swallowing dysfunction, language dysfunction, sensory cognitive dysfunction, epilepsy, and emotional disorders. Stroke patients are often referred to as hemiplegic because of the lack of movement of half of the body. The name “stroke” was written in the Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine more than 2,000 years ago. Modern medicine calls it stroke. Clinically, more than 60% of patients with hemiplegia have varying degrees of increased muscle tone, decreased muscle strength, and contracture deformities of tendons and joints. Spasticity is a manifestation of increased muscle tone in muscle groups and is most frequently seen in patients recovering from stroke. It is the most common and most serious comorbidity affecting the patient’s later functional recovery. What is the treatment of spasticity in the limbs of stroke patients? Under normal conditions, the stretching and stretching movements of muscles are controlled by spinal cord reflexes. In turn, the spinal reflex mechanism is regulated by instructions from the higher centers. These instructions come from inhibitory instructions from the downstream corticospinal tract and the extravertebral tract to facilitatory instructions from the brainstem spinal tract. From the cerebral cortex to the spinal alpha and gamma motor neurons, most fibers receive fibers from the nucleus basalis and the brainstem nerve that control motor precision and coordination via multiplex succession. Injury to any upper motor neuron from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord is accompanied by spasticity, but the rise of spasticity varies depending on the site of brain injury. If the site of stroke lesion injury is in the cortex or internal capsule, the cortical downside inhibition of movement is lost, while the brainstem spinal cord tract is intact and its downside facilitatory instructions for movement may be abnormally active, hence, spasticity. Therefore, the rationale for treatment is to relax the muscles by reducing impulse issuance from afferent fibers and inhibiting excitation production in motor neurons. In summary, the main goals of hemiplegia treatment are to reduce excessive increased muscle tone, improve muscle strength, release pre-existing contracture deformities, and improve motor control and balance control. We have found that surgical treatment with FSPR (selective partial posterior spinal nerve rhizotomy) is effective in reducing excessive muscle tone and is less likely to rebound. Given the clear causal relationship between increased muscle tone and contracture deformity, the only way to ensure non-recurrence of the deformity after orthopedic surgery is to correct the deformity after the release of the excessive muscle tone. Therefore, typical patients with spastic hemiplegia are suitable for FSPR surgery. Of course, regardless of whether a patient with hemiplegia can be treated surgically or not, his or her rehabilitation therapy should be systematically adhered to in the long term. We know that the four elements of human motor function include: muscle tone, anatomy, muscle strength, motor control and balance. Surgery can solve the problem of excessive muscle tone and contracture deformity, but it cannot solve the problem of muscle strength, motor control and balance. Therefore, it is especially important to provide rehabilitation training for strength in the early stage after surgery, and to add gait training and balance training in the middle and late stage to enable the patient to regain motor function.