There are many reasons for coughing and sputum, mostly respiratory diseases, common upper respiratory tract infections, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc. Specific diseases need to be treated with appropriate medications according to the situation. 1. Upper respiratory tract infections: caused by viral or bacterial infections, with nasal congestion, runny nose, cough, cough sputum, sore throat and other main symptoms. If the cough and sputum are heavy, you can use aminobromine to relieve cough and resolve sputum; if there are bacterial infections, you can usually use penicillin, cephradine and other anti-infective treatments. 2. Bronchitis: related to viruses, bacteria, environmental stimuli, etc., mainly manifested as cough, sputum, wheezing, etc., need to be expectorant (ambroxol, bromhexine, etc.) and antispasmodic and asthma (such as salbutamol, etc.) treatment. If combined with bacterial infection, azithromycin, levofloxacin and other antibacterial treatment can be given; 3. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): related to chronic airway inflammation, clinical manifestations of cough, sputum, shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness, etc., generally in the above cough expectorant treatment, according to the condition of the oxygen and inhalation of bronchodilators (such as salmeterol, tiotropium bromide, etc.), combined with bacterial infections at the same time, need to use levofloxacin and other anti-infective treatment. It should also be noted that the causes of cough and sputum may also include cardiovascular disease and allergic diseases. If the symptoms do not improve or worsen, it is recommended to consult a doctor in time, complete the relevant examinations, identify the cause of the disease and treat under the guidance of the doctor.