Hypothalamic damage is a disease with a high clinical incidence. The hypothalamus is an important subcortical center of the autonomic nervous system, which has an important relationship with the organism’s visceral activity, endocrine, substance metabolism, thermoregulation, and maintenance of consciousness and sleep. The appearance of hypothalamic damage seriously endangers the health of patients, so we need to know more about the causes of the disease in our daily lives, and take preventive measures early to avoid being attacked by the disease. The main causes of hypothalamic damage are as follows: the lower thalamus is deeply hidden in the skull base above the pterygoid saddle, so the direction of violence directly or indirectly through the lower thalamus, may lead to local injury. In addition, this area can also be involved in subcranial herniation of the cerebellar curtain. Usually, if a fracture of the skull base crosses the pterygoid saddle or its vicinity, it often results in injury to the subthalamic area. When severe impact injuries or hedonic brain injuries cause the base of the brain to slide violently back and forth along the longitudinal axis, they can also cause injury to the subthalamic area, and often involve the pituitary stalk and pituitary gland, and the pathology of the injury is mostly focal hemorrhage, edema, ischemia, softening, and neuronal necrosis. It is generally believed that there is a parasympathetic center in the anterior region of the hypothalamus and a sympathetic center in the posterior region, both of which are regulated by each other under the control of the cerebral cortex, so when the hypothalamus is damaged, it is more likely to cause plant nerve dysfunction. Warm tips: the treatment of subthalamic injury and primary brainstem injury is basically the same, only because the subthalamic injury caused by neurological endocrine disorders and metabolic disorders of the body more, so in the treatment of more difficult and complex, must be under close observation, intracranial pressure monitoring, blood biochemical testing and water-electrolyte balance, and careful treatment and care, there is hope to pass the critical situation.