Multiple polyps of the rectum are defined as having two or more polyps in the rectum, the occurrence of which is associated with a number of factors and prompt management is recommended. Rectal polyps are elevated lesions on the mucosal surface of the rectum, and multiple polyps refer to two or more polyps. Its development is related to chronic inflammation of the rectum, genetic factors, ageing, and dietary habits. The polyps themselves do not cause discomfort, but some of them may become cancerous, so the discovery of multiple rectal polyps needs to be taken seriously. Rectal polyps are generally recommended to be removed endoscopically, and can be classified into tumor polyps and non-tumor polyps according to postoperative pathology. The former include tubular adenoma and villous adenoma, while the latter include inflammatory polyp and hyperplastic polyp. After the operation, regular review and follow-up are required under the guidance of specialized physicians according to the condition and in accordance with the doctor’s instructions.