The so-called cold is actually acute viral rhinosinusitis, which is an acute inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and sinuses caused by a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. It often develops when the body’s resistance is reduced due to fatigue and cold or when the anti-discharge function of the nasal mucosa is damaged. Viral infections aggravate the decrease in immunity, which in turn causes the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria residing in the nose and pharynx, resulting in secondary infections.
The symptoms of acute rhinosinusitis are often divided into three stages: 1. prodromal phase: about 1 to 2 days, mostly manifested as generalized generalized acidity and sleepiness, dryness and burning in the nose and nasopharynx, and dryness of the nose.
2, acute phase: about 2-7 days, nasal congestion aggravated, increased nasal discharge, sneezing, speech with occlusive nasal sound, and decreased sense of smell. The nasal cavity is filled with mucus or mucopurulent nasal discharge, followed by yellow pus-like. It may be accompanied by fever, head swelling and headache at the same time.
3.End stage (recovery period): nasal congestion is gradually reduced, and pus is also reduced, and the immunity of the body is gradually restored, then it can be cured by itself after several days. The main transmission route of cold is direct inhalation of droplets, so it is contagious to a certain extent.
Allergic rhinitis is caused by a high sensitivity of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity to certain components of the inhaled air. Its symptoms are very similar to those of a cold, but can occur several times a day; when it does not, it is completely normal. Episodes of allergic rhinitis are sometimes closely related to the seasons, but there are also perennial episodes with three main clinical manifestations: sneezing (more than three consecutive per day), clear runny nose and swelling of the nasal mucosa. Allergic rhinitis is an atopic allergic disease that develops when there are both environmental and genetic factors, and the environmental factors are probably more important. Therefore, allergic rhinitis is hereditary, but the more important cause of its development may be the influence of the environment in which it occurs.
In some children, allergic allergic reactions lead to edema of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and sinuses when allergic substances are encountered, which can affect drainage and lead to viral and bacterial infections that can cause inflammation or aggravation. Most children with acute and chronic rhinosinusitis have symptoms of runny nose and cough, in addition to fever and pain in acute patients, while most chronic patients have nasal congestion and open-mouth breathing, and a few develop otitis media. Some parents find that when a child has a cold with nasal congestion and pus, giving anti-inflammatory drugs and nasal drops does not provide effective relief because the treatment of rhinosinusitis in children is different from that of adults, and the way adults treat rhinitis cannot be copied for children. For children with acute rhinosinusitis with severe complications or sepsis, antibiotics can be applied intravenously, and for those with severe symptoms but no complications, oral antibiotics can be given. Antihistamines such as keratan are also commonly used in children with allergies and can be effective in controlling allergy symptoms. Nasal irrigation and nasal glucocorticoids are also effective relief methods. Some parents are particularly squeamish about applying hormones to children, believing that using hormones on small children will have lifelong effects; however, local application of hormones, especially second- and third-generation nasal hormones (such as Nasal Spray), has been shown not to have long-term adverse effects on the growth and development of children.