One day, a 5-year-old boy came into the clinic and his mother asked, “Doctor, can I see a cough here?” “Yes,” I replied, taking the patient’s chart in my hand. The child had registered for internal pediatrics, so I thought it was strange and asked, “Why did you come to the ENT department instead of internal pediatrics?” ”I have been seeing him for more than two months, and the doctor said he had bronchitis, but he was not getting better.” He then took out a pile of labs and showed them to me, and said, “I heard from other patients that this is also a place to treat coughs, so I came here to try.” It is common sense to first consider that the child may be suffering from mycoplasma or chlamydia bronchitis, but the child’s test results did not reveal evidence of mycoplasma or chlamydia infection. In addition, the child had frequent nasal congestion and runny nose, and in my experience, it was estimated that the child had a combination of sinusitis. I suggested a CT examination and the results confirmed what I thought. Later, after regular treatment, the child’s cough was all cleared up and the congestion and runny nose disappeared. Sinusitis is one of the most common diseases in otorhinolaryngology and is also a common disease in children. Usually, children have symptoms such as nasal congestion and runny nose, but also headache and cough. Depending on the duration and degree of the disease, it can be divided into acute and chronic sinusitis. Children with acute sinusitis may have fever, pus and blood, cough, sore throat, foul odor and periorbital swelling. Most children with chronic sinusitis have cough, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, foul breath, headache, and memory loss. Sinusitis in children is often associated with lesions in adjacent organs, such as otitis media, adenoiditis, asthma or bronchitis. Based on the above clinical symptoms also need to be combined with imaging, which not only provides a reliable basis for a definitive diagnosis, but also provides the necessary information for functional nasal endoscopic surgery design. Purulent drainage from the middle nasal tract is an extremely meaningful positive sign. The imaging examinations are X-ray, CT and MR, each of which has its own characteristics. X-ray plain films are inexpensive and widely used, but they do not adequately show the anatomy of the nasal cavity and sinuses and are difficult for the child to cooperate with, resulting in certain misdiagnosis and leakage. CT scan is currently the most valuable and widely used imaging technique for the evaluation and identification of anatomical variations in chronic sinusitis and is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of sinusitis in children. In addition, the electronic nasopharyngoscope for children, which is commonly used in children to visualize the nasal passages and nasopharynx in the nasal cavity, has also been widely used in recent years. Sinusitis in children is preventable and treatable. The most common site of sinusitis is an obstruction around the sinus opening called the “sinus-oral-nasal complex”. The main factors leading to obstruction are: 1, systemic diseases, such as upper whistle infection, allergic diseases causing mucosal swelling; 2, changes in the nature of secretions, such as fibrocystic degeneration; 3, cilia dysfunction; 4, facial injuries, swelling or drugs caused by local damage to the nasal mucosa; 5, anatomical deformities caused by mechanical obstruction. Generally speaking, the nasal mucosa is self-cleaning, and it can discharge invading bacteria or viruses into the throat to form phlegm and spit them out or swallow them into the stomach. However, when viral infection and allergic factors cause mucosal inflammation, due to the relatively narrow structure around the sinus opening in children though, once there are various triggering factors mentioned above, it is more likely to cause obstruction, leading to normal sinus dysfunction and aggravate the lesion of mucosa, impaired cilia function, depression of secretions, etc., and these in turn aggravate infection around the sinus opening. Finally the loss of self-cleaning function of the nasal mucosa, bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms take advantage of the opportunity to make waves in the nasal cavity, people are also sick. So usually pay attention to physical exercise, pay attention to diet and nutritional balance, prevent colds, do not dig your nose, the correct use of nasal spray or nose drops of drugs, learn the correct way to blow your nose. You can prevent or reduce the occurrence of sinusitis. At present, the treatment of sinusitis in children is mainly medication, supplemented by nasal washing (negative pressure nasal suction), nasal spray (drug nebulization inhalation) and small ultrashort wave treatment, for some serious, older children can be sinus puncture rinse surgery. In addition, when the untreated sinusitis is combined with adenoid hypertrophy, surgery is required to remove the adenoids if necessary. Medication needs to be used under the guidance of a specialist and the course of treatment needs to be prolonged compared to ordinary diseases, usually one to two months. Generally, sinusitis can be cured. When a child has a cough that is not cured, or has headache, nasal congestion, or runny nose, please visit an ENT clinic in a timely manner, as timely diagnosis and treatment is also very important for the recovery of the child.