The gallbladder is a very important digestive organ and immune organ in the human body, and has the role of regulating the pressure in the bile ducts inside and outside the liver and maintaining the hydrodynamic balance in the bile ducts. It is not just a simple bag that can hold bile as people think, it can store some bile, without it bile is discharged to the duodenal cavity to participate in digestion, which is a great misunderstanding! So, what are the important functions of the gallbladder? Digestive functions: As far as we know, the gallbladder has at least storage, concentration, contraction and secretion functions. Of course, it also has complex chemical and immune functions. But as far as digestion is concerned, the gallbladder has an important regulatory role. The liver secretes 800-1000 ml of bile per day by hepatocytes, so much bile cannot be accommodated by the gallbladder, but the gallbladder has a special concentration function that can suck back the water from the original dilute bile and concentrate it 30 times as much as liver bile. The concentrated bile is reserved for eating high-fat meals before the party is governed by both the vagus nerve and body fluids (cholecystokinin) to make the gallbladder contract, thus discharging into the intestine to participate in digestion. The small gallbladder has an important and wonderful function of regulating digestion. The gallbladder excretes bile when it eats, more when it eats a high-fat, high-protein diet, less when it eats a vegetarian diet, and not when it does not eat. If the gallbladder has been removed, the liver bile is discharged from the liver can not be stored, regardless of whether the body needs to continue to discharge into the intestines, for nothing, thus causing a series of pathophysiological changes; when the feast to eat thick sorghum, the urgent need for a large amount of bile to help digestion, but unfortunately at this time, the body’s lack of gallbladder such as no answer, more “surplus bile “help, the body has to endure indigestion, bloating and diarrhea suffering. Even a little oil meat meat dishes can not eat, if reluctantly eat high-fat thick taste, it often happens bloating diarrhea, and even the symptoms of fatty diarrhea, and become extremely difficult to treat the internal medicine of the difficult disease. Reflux gastritis and esophagitis. As mentioned above, the gallbladder has the function of storing bile and contraction, which can effectively and skillfully control the excretion of bile from the gallbladder according to the eating situation. That is, bile is excreted during feeding, bile is present in the bulb and descending part of the duodenum, and rarely excreted when not feeding, that is, there is little bile in the intestinal lumen of the bulb and descending part of the duodenum, that is, the possibility of bile reflux is small. When the gallbladder is removed, bile is continuously excreted within 24 hours, i.e. there is continuously bile in the duodenal cavity within 24 hours; when the pylorus is abnormally closed, bile is easily refluxed into the stomach, resulting in “reflux gastritis” and “reflux esophagitis” which are extremely difficult to treat. When the pylorus is abnormally closed, bile can easily reflux into the stomach, leading to “reflux gastritis” and “reflux esophagitis”, which are extremely difficult to treat. The cause of this disease is mostly caused by gallbladder removal, which has become another persistent clinical disease in gastroenterology. The role of the gallbladder in regulating the pressure in the bile ducts. Another important function of the gallbladder is the role of regulating the pressure balance in the bile ducts. When 800-1000 cc of bile is produced in the liver daily and continuously discharged into the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts, and a certain pressure is maintained, the regulation of the gallbladder is an important factor. The gallbladder can hold and concentrate more bile during increased pressure in the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts and maintain a normal pressure balance in the bile ducts. When the gallbladder is removed, the role of regulating pressure balance disappears, however, the bile secreted by the liver will not be reduced, but all the bile must be discharged into the duodenal cavity through the opening every day, at which time the party feels the narrow opening and poor excretion. Inevitably, compensatory dilated lesions of the CBD occur over time. The dilated CBD often turns the beak-like end into a rounded shape, at which time the bile flow that is eager to be discharged becomes vortex-like, the latter being one of the important theories of gallstone formation vortex theory. This phenomenon is very easy to form common bile duct stones. Clinical practice also proves this. People often see a history of cholecystectomy when receiving patients with acute obstructive jaundice. Among 795 cases of common bile duct stones in the First Hospital of Peking University, the group of resected gallbladder cases was significantly higher than the group of unresected gallbladder (425:370) with significant statistical significance. Thus, cholecystectomy often results in compensatory dilatation of the common bile duct and an increased incidence of common bile duct stones. Similarly, because of the important role of the gallbladder in regulating the internal pressure of the bile duct, patients who lose the organ of the gallbladder lose the pressure balance in the bile duct, the pressure increases, and the sphincter of Oddi loses the regular pressure regulation of the gallbladder, and a regulatory disorder occurs, resulting in the post-cholecystectomy syndrome. The gallbladder has important secretory, chemical and immunological functions. The gallbladder not only has storage, concentration and contraction functions; it also has secretory and immune functions. The gallbladder secretes 20 ml of white fluid per day, which, according to scientific experiments, is the immunoglobulin (IgA) secreted by the lamina propria of the gallbladder mucosa. Moreover, the concentration of IgA in the gallbladder is much higher than that in the blood, which has the function of protecting the intestinal mucosa from invasion (secondary bile acids, etc.). The gallbladder mucosa has the function of secreting IgA antibodies, and the gallbladder becomes the main source of supply of intestinal Ig and therefore the main organ with protective antibodies, which is important for the immune defense of the biliary system. Immunoglobulins are present in normal human bile, and the role of this substance is: 1. Lack of Ig substances can cause defects in the defense of the small intestine, infectious diarrhea, infectious ascites and sepsis of digestive tract origin. 2. The protective effect on the biliary system. The main role in the bile is to remove antigens and protect the biliary mucosa. It is pointed out through animal experiments that secondary bile acids can directly increase the incidence of colon cancer in animals; why are they prone to colon cancer after cholecystectomy? It is believed that: it is suggested by secondary bile acids theory. Secondary bile acids can enhance the mitosis of colonic mucosal cells, which can easily cause colon cancer. Because the concentration of secondary bile acids in the proximal colon is higher and the absorption of secondary bile acids in the right hemicolectomy is greater than that in the left hemicolectomy, cancer after cholecystectomy is more likely to occur in the right hemicolectomy. The pathophysiological changes are: 1. Origin of secondary bile acids: bile acids secreted from the hepatic bile ducts are primary bile acids, which are changed into secondary bile acids after entering the intestine in contact with bacteria. 2. After cholecystectomy, the gallbladder loses its function and cannot control the excretion of bile and its residence time in the intestine; therefore, primary bile acids continuously flow into the intestine 24 hours a day and come into contact with bacteria, producing a large amount of secondary bile acids, which undoubtedly increases the risk of colon cancer. In recent years, many European scholars found a phenomenon and doubt, that is, among the cases of colon cancer, many of them were found to have a history of gallbladder removal, and the analysis of 100 cases of bile-cutting and 100 cases of non-bile-cutting over 60 years old showed that the number of those who had colon cancer was 12:3 respectively, which was very surprising. However, when the gallbladder functions normally, bile is only discharged into the intestine when eating, and there is no more bile in the intestine during fasting, so obviously there are few opportunities for primary bile acids to come into contact with bacteria, and therefore the amount of secondary bile acids produced is small. Therefore, the advice of the Nordic doctors who study colon cancer to not remove the gallbladder casually is very reasonable.