Bladder tumor is the most common type of tumor in the urinary system. Bladder cancer accounts for the majority of bladder tumors, accounting for 3% of systemic malignant tumors, and is most common at the age of 50 to 70, with a male to female ratio of about 4:1. More than 86% of them originate from metastatic epithelial cells.
The common symptom of bladder cancer is intermittent painless hematuria throughout the whole process. Please seek medical attention promptly when symptoms appear.
It is not difficult to diagnose bladder cancer. Anyone over the age of 40 who has painless, unexplained hematuria should think of the possibility of urinary tract tumors, among which bladder cancer is the most common. Since hematuria is a symptom common to many diseases of the urinary tract, further tests must be done. The following tests can be used for diagnosis: ① Routine urine examination. ②Cytological examination of urine exfoliation. ③B ultrasound examination. ④Urethral plain film and cystography and intravenous pyelogram. ⑤CT examination. ⑥Cystoscopy and tumor tissue biopsy. ⑦Immunoenzymatic assay. ⑧Urine flow cytometry.
Among them, cystoscopy is the first choice and necessary method to diagnose bladder cancer, which can determine the location, number and size of cancer, and can also take biopsies for pathological examination.
There are both rigid and flexible cystoscopes. In terms of the comfort of the examination, the pain and hematuria during the soft cystoscopy are much less severe. Compared to traditional cystoscopy, flexible cystoscopy is more easily accepted by patients and has the following advantages: 1, no blind spot in the examination soft cystoscope body, and the head end of the mirror can be bent upward and downward at a large angle, so the bladder can be scanned in the bladder walls, bladder neck and urethral orifice, avoiding a blind spot in the examination.
2.Little damage to the cystoscope is similar to a catheter, with a diameter of <16fr< span="">, so it is almost painless when inserted under surface anesthesia, and gentle insertion under direct vision basically does not cause damage to the urethra and bladder, reducing the risk of bleeding.
The soft cystoscope is equipped with a suction device that can suck away floating objects in the bladder that obstruct the observation, thus ensuring a clear view. In addition, cystoscopy is an electronic digital imaging, with high image resolution, can be found earlier and small lesions, but also through the image acquisition system to digital images to the computer 4, low requirements for the position of the traditional cystoscopy, the patient needs to be in a lithotomy position, which is difficult for patients with lower limb deformity, severe arthritis, hemiplegia, cystoscopy is not limited by the position of the Cystoscopy can be performed in the lithotomy position, supine position and lateral position.