Advantages and disadvantages of interferon and nucleoside analogues against hepatitis B virus: About 2 billion people worldwide have been proven to have been infected with hepatitis B virus, and 300-400 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus, 25%-40% of whom will eventually die of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. High HBV DNA load is closely associated with the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, anti-hepatitis B virus treatment is crucial to stop the progression of cirrhosis, prevent the development of compensated cirrhosis to decompensated cirrhosis, and reduce the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. At present, the approved anti-hepatitis B virus in China are common interferon, pegylated interferon (a-2a or a-2b), lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, and telbivudine. Interferon has been shown to be effective in chronic hepatitis B and partially compensated hepatitis B viral cirrhosis, and to reduce the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. If interferon is properly applied to suitable patients, tumor prevention can be achieved even if cirrhosis has already occurred. Therefore, for chronic hepatitis B patients with a high degree of liver fibrosis, antiviral therapy should be actively pursued as long as liver function can be compensated. The antiviral effect of pegylated interferon is superior to that of regular interferon. The main advantages of interferon are as follows: 1. inhibition of HBV “multiplication” in the body; 2. two-way regulation of human immune function; 3. long-acting interferon molecular weight, long circulation time in the body, stable serum concentration, while mainly transported to the liver, the concentration in the liver is very high, it is easy to maintain a stable effective treatment The actual effect of the virus is high; 4, the course of treatment is relatively fixed, generally 6-12 months, some can be extended to 18 months; 5, interferon after stopping the drug effect lasting, the relapse rate is low, there is no virus mutation. Of course, interferon also has its certain disadvantages: the treatment process is troublesome, the scope of application is narrow, can only be used for chronic hepatitis and compensated cirrhosis patients, more expensive, more side effects, mainly including: 1, flu-like syndrome, usually in 2 to 4 disappeared hours after injection, can be given antipyretic analgesic and other symptomatic treatment, do not have to stop the drug; 2, bone marrow suppression, manifested as granulocyte and platelet count reduction, generally stop the drug It can recover on its own after stopping the drug. When the absolute number of neutrophils ≤ 0.75×109/L or platelets ≤ 50×109/L, the dosage should be reduced. If the absolute neutrophil count is ≤0.5×109/L and/or platelets are ≤30×109/L, the drug should be discontinued. Treatment can be resumed after blood picture recovery, but close observation is required; 3. Neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, excitement, irritability, and psychosis. The presence of depression and psychiatric symptoms should be discontinued; 4. Insomnia, mild rash, hair loss, depending on the situation, can be discontinued. Rare adverse reactions such as epilepsy, nephrotic syndrome, interstitial pneumonia and cardiac arrhythmia should be discontinued for observation; 5. Induce autoimmune diseases such as thyroiditis, thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic anemia, rheumatoid arthritis, type I diabetes, etc. The drug should also be discontinued. Due to the outstanding therapeutic effect of long-acting interferon, its therapeutic benefit is clearly greater compared to the adverse effects that occur during treatment. The advantages of nucleoside analogues are as follows: 1. Direct inhibition of viral replication, which can quickly control the amount of virus in humans; 2. Easy and convenient, with fewer adverse reactions, and significantly cheaper than interferon. Of course, its disadvantages should not be ignored, the main disadvantages are as follows: 1, long-term treatment is required, it is not easy to determine the course of treatment, such as HBeAg seroconversion is not achieved, easy to relapse after discontinuation of the drug, can cause deterioration of the disease, and even lead to death; 2, the treatment process, easy to produce HBV resistance mutation and cause clinical resistance, can make the serum HBV DNA and ALT levels rise again; 3, the treatment process Related side effects may occur, such as renal impairment, rhabdomyolysis, etc. From the above analysis, interferon and antiviral therapy drugs have their own advantages and disadvantages: the choice should be based on your own situation. In general: adolescents and unmarried young people are suitable to choose interferon therapy with less adverse consequences. Young people of childbearing age who use interferon can get pregnant after six months off the drug. In patients with decompensated cirrhosis, interferon should be disabled to prevent further damage to the liver and oral antiviral drugs are the best choice. When the viral load is high, such as when it is greater than 107, it is better not to use interferon because interferon cannot bring down the number of viruses quickly, and oral antivirals should be chosen at this time.